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Editorial
Presidential address: launching the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute, a government-supported special foundation from December 23, 2015
Chang Hwi Kim
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:20.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.20
  • 25,731 View
  • 193 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Presidential address: Adoption of a clinical skills examination for dental licensing, implementation of computer-based testing for the medical licensing examination, and the 30th anniversary of the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute
    Yoon-Seong Lee
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2022; 19: 1.     CrossRef
  • Presidential address: demonstration of the international leadership of the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute, introduction of a clinical skills test to the Korean dental licensing examination, and strengthening of ethics items on lice
    Yoon-Seong Lee
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2019; 16: 15.     CrossRef
  • The relationship of examinees’ individual characteristics and perceived acceptability of smart device-based testing to test scores on the practice test of the Korea Emergency Medicine Technician Licensing Examination
    Eun Young Lim, Mi Kyoung Yim, Sun Huh
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2018; 15: 33.     CrossRef
  • Perception survey on the introduction of clinical performance examination as part of the national nursing licensing examination in Korea
    Su Jin Shin, Yeong Kyeong Kim, Soon-Rim Suh, Duk Yoo Jung, Yunju Kim, Mi Kyoung Yim
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2017; 14: 26.     CrossRef
Review Article
Determinants and outcomes of motivation in health professions education: a systematic review based on self-determination theory  
Cesar Orsini, Vivian I. Binnie, Sarah L. Wilson
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:19.   Published online May 2, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.19
  • 54,306 View
  • 796 Download
  • 94 Web of Science
  • 95 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed at conducting a systematic review in health professions education of determinants, mediators and outcomes of students’ motivation to engage in academic activities based on the self-determination theory’s perspective. Methods: A search was conducted across databases (MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases), hand-search of relevant journals, grey literature, and published research profile of key authors. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included if they reported research in health professions education focused on determinants, mediators, and/or outcomes of motivation from the self-determination and if meeting the quality criteria. Results: A total of 17 studies met the inclusion and quality criteria. Articles retrieved came from diverse locations and mainly from medical education and to a lesser extent from psychology and dental education. Intrapersonal (gender and personality traits) and interpersonal determinants (academic conditions and lifestyle, qualitative method of selection, feedback, and an autonomy supportive learning climate) have been reported to have a positive influence on students’ motivation to engage in academic activities. No studies were found that tested mediation effects between determinants and students’ motivation. In turn, students’ self-determined motivation has been found to be positively associated with different cognitive, affective, and behavioural outcomes. Conclusion: This study has found that generally, motivation could be enhanced by changes in the educational environment and by an early detection of students’ characteristics. Doing so may support future health practitioners’ self-determined motivation and positively influence how they process information and their emotions and how they approach their learning activities.

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    C.A. Murdoch-Kinch, R.E. Duff, V. Ramaswamy, T.V. Ester, S.A. Sponseller, J.A. Seeley
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Research Articles
Is a decentralized continuing medical education program feasible for Chinese rural health professionals?  
Guijie Hu, Yanhua Yi
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:18.   Published online April 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.18
  • 29,533 View
  • 156 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Rural health professionals in township health centers (THCs) tend to have less advanced educational degrees. This study aimed to ascertain the perceived feasibility of a decentralized continuing medical education (CME) program to upgrade their educational levels. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of THC health professionals was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results: The health professionals in the THCs were overwhelmingly young with low education levels. They had a strong desire to upgrade their educational degrees. The decentralized CME program was perceived as feasible by health workers with positive attitudes about the benefit for license examination, and by those who intended to improve their clinical diagnosis and treatment skills. The target groups of such a program were those who expected to undertake a bachelor’s degree and who rated themselves as “partially capable” in clinical competency. They reported that 160-400 USD annually would be an affordable fee for the program. Conclusion: A decentralized CME program was perceived feasible to upgrade rural health workers’ education level to a bachelor’s degree and improve their clinical competency.

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  • Evaluation of the star family doctors training program: an observational cohort study of a novel continuing medical education program for general practitioners within a compact medical consortium: a quantitative analysis
    Ling-Bo Liang, Xu Li, Xiang-Ping Liu, Cai-Zheng Li, Dan Luo, Feng Liu, Ting-Rui Mao, Qiao-Li Su
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Selectivity of physiotherapist programs in the United States does not differ by institutional funding source or research activity level  
Sean P. Riley, Kyle Covington, Michel D. Landry, Christine McCallum, Chalee Engelhard, Chad E. Cook
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:17.   Published online April 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.17
  • 26,558 View
  • 150 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to compare selectivity characteristics among institution characteristics to determine differences by institutional funding source (public vs. private) or research activity level (research vs. non-research). Methods: This study included information provided by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) and the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. Data were extracted from all students who graduated in 2011 from accredited physical therapy programs in the United States. The public and private designations of the institutions were extracted directly from the classifications from the ‘CAPTE annual accreditation report,’ and high and low research activity was determined based on Carnegie classifications. The institutions were classified into four groups: public/research intensive, public/non-research intensive, private/research intensive, and private/non-research intensive. Descriptive and comparison analyses with post hoc testing were performed to determine whether there were statistically significant differences among the four groups. Results: Although there were statistically significant baseline grade point average differences among the four categorized groups, there were no significant differences in licensure pass rates or for any of the selectivity variables of interest. Conclusion: Selectivity characteristics did not differ by institutional funding source (public vs. private) or research activity level (research vs. non-research). This suggests that the concerns about reduced selectivity among physiotherapy programs, specifically the types that are experiencing the largest proliferation, appear less warranted.

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  • Predictors of research productivity among physical therapy programs in the United States: an observational study
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Randomized study of effectiveness of computerized ultrasound simulators for an introductory course for residents in Brazil  
Jack Philip Silva, Trevor Plescia, Nathan Molina, Ana Claudia de Oliveira Tonelli, Mark Langdorf, John Christian Fox
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:16.   Published online April 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.16
  • 42,869 View
  • 193 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the impact of ultrasound simulation (SonoSim) on educational outcomes of an introductory point-of-care ultrasound course compared to hands-on training with live models alone. Methods: Fifty-three internal medicine residents without ultrasound experience were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups. They participated in an introductory point-of-care ultrasound course covering eight topics in eight sessions from June 23, 2014 until July 18, 2014. Both participated in lecture and hands-on training, but experimental group received an hour of computerized simulator training instead of a second hour of hands-on training. We assessed clinical knowledge and image acquisition with written multiple-choice and practical exams, respectively. Of the 53 enrolled, 40 participants (75.5%) completed the course and all testing. Results: For the 30-item written exam, mean score of the experimental group was 23.1±3.4 (n=21) vs. 21.8±4.8 (n=19), (P>0 .05). For the practical exam, mean score for both groups was 8.7 out of 16 (P>0 .05). Conclusion: The substitution of eight hours of ultrasound simulation training for live model scanning in a 24 hour training course did not enhance performance on written and image acquisition tests in an introductory ultrasound course for residents. This result suggests that ultrasound simulation technology used as a substitute for live model training on an hour-for-hour basis, did not improve learning outcomes. Further investigation into simulation as a total replacement for live model training will provide a clearer picture of the efficacy of ultrasound simulators in medical education.

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    A. B. Makarov, V. N. Tsygan, A. V. Lemeshchenko, M. V. Rezvantsev, T. A. Krivolutskaya, T. A. Bammatov
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Brief Report
Medical students’ perception of the proposal for theme-based integrated multi-disciplinary objective structured practical examination in Saudi Arabia  
Mohammad Saleh Hassan, Amel Yacoubi
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:15.   Published online March 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.15
  • 35,118 View
  • 187 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed to find the opinion of preclinical medical students concerning a new suggested approach for practical assessment. Fifty-three female students agreed to participate in this study, out of 87 registered students in years 2 and 3 of the basic science phase of the College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Full explanation was made to the students of theme-based integrated objective structured practical examination (TBI-OSPE), followed by distribution of a questionnaire to collect the students’ opinions. The study was conducted in January 2015. Results showed that 78% of respondents were accepting of this new approach, and that only 5.7% rejected it. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study suggested a new model for assessment of preclinical students’ competencies using the proposed tool (TBI-OSPE) rather than standard classical OSPE, particularly in curricula involving high levels of integration and theme-based problems. This form of assessment would more positively enhance learning.

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    Sherif M Zaki, Amira S Ismail
    Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Editorial
Promotion to MEDLINE, indexing with Medical Subject Headings, and open data policy for the Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions
Sun Huh
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:14.   Published online March 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.14
  • 35,160 View
  • 152 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
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PDF

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Research Article
Medical students’ satisfaction with the Applied Basic Clinical Seminar with Scenarios for Students, a novel simulation-based learning method in Greece  
Panteleimon Pantelidis, Nikolaos Staikoglou, Georgios Paparoidamis, Christos Drosos, Stefanos Karamaroudis, Athina Samara, Christodoulos Keskinis, Michail Sideris, George Giannakoulas, Georgios Tsoulfas, Asterios Karagiannis
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:13.   Published online March 24, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.13
  • 38,370 View
  • 235 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The integration of simulation-based learning (SBL) methods holds promise for improving the medical education system in Greece. The Applied Basic Clinical Seminar with Scenarios for Students (ABCS3) is a novel two-day SBL course that was designed by the Scientific Society of Hellenic Medical Students. The ABCS3 targeted undergraduate medical students and consisted of three core components: the case-based lectures, the ABCDE hands-on station, and the simulation-based clinical scenarios. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general educational environment of the course, as well as the skills and knowledge acquired by the participants. Methods: Two sets of questions were distributed to the participants: the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire and an internally designed feedback questionnaire (InEv). A multiple-choice examination was also distributed prior to the course and following its completion. A total of 176 participants answered the DREEM questionnaire, 56 the InEv, and 60 the MCQs. Results: The overall DREEM score was 144.61(±28.05) out of 200. Delegates who participated in both the case-based lectures and the interactive scenarios core components scored higher than those who only completed the case-based lecture session (P=0.038). The mean overall feedback score was 4.12(±0.56) out of 5. Students scored significantly higher on the post-test than on the pre-test (P<0.001). Conclusion: The ABCS3 was found to be an effective SBL program, as medical students reported positive opinions about their experiences and exhibited improvements in their clinical knowledge and skills.

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    Paula Dourado Sousa, Tiago Ramos Gazineu, Ricardo Luiz Luzardo Filho, Katia de Miranda Avena, Luiz Fernando Quintanilha
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Brief Report
How many schools adopt interviews during the student admission process across the health professions in the United States of America?  
Greer Glazer, Laura F. Startsman, Karen Bankston, Julia Michaels, Jennifer C. Danek, Malika Fair
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:12.   Published online February 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.12
  • 41,104 View
  • 200 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Health profession schools use interviews during the admissions process to identify certain non-cognitive skills that are needed for success in diverse, inter-professional settings. This study aimed to assess the use of interviews during the student admissions process across health disciplines at schools in the United States of America in 2014. The type and frequency of non-cognitive skills assessed were also evaluated. Descriptive methods were used to analyze a sample of interview rubrics collected as part of a national survey on admissions in the health professions, which surveyed 228 schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, and public health. Of the 228 schools, 130 used interviews. The most desirable non-cognitive skills from 34 schools were identified as follows: communication skills (30), motivation (22), readiness for the profession (17), service (12), and problem-solving (12). Ten schools reported using the multiple mini-interview format, which may indicate potential for expanding this practice. Disparities in the use of interviewing across health professions should be verified to help schools adopt interviews during student admissions processes.

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Research Articles
Flipping the advanced cardiac life support classroom with team-based learning: comparison of cognitive testing performance for medical students at the University of California, Irvine, United States  
Megan Boysen-Osborn, Craig L. Anderson, Roman Navarro, Justin Yanuck, Suzanne Strom, Christopher E. McCoy, Julie Youm, Mary Frances Ypma-Wong, Mark I. Langdorf
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:11.   Published online February 18, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.11
  • 45,106 View
  • 326 Download
  • 38 Web of Science
  • 37 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
It aimed to find if written test results improved for advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) taught in flipped classroom/team-based Learning (FC/TBL) vs. lecture-based (LB) control in University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, USA. Methods: Medical students took 2010 ACLS with FC/TBL (2015), compared to 3 classes in LB (2012-14) format. There were 27.5 hours of instruction for FC/TBL model (TBL 10.5, podcasts 9, small-group simulation 8 hours), and 20 (12 lecture, simulation 8 hours) in LB. TBL covered 13 cardiac cases; LB had none. Seven simulation cases and didactic content were the same by lecture (2012-14) or podcast (2015) as was testing: 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQ), 20 rhythm matchings, and 7 fill-in clinical cases. Results: 354 students took the course (259 [73.1%] in LB in 2012-14, and 95 [26.9%] in FC/TBL in 2015). Two of 3 tests (MCQ and fill-in) improved for FC/TBL. Overall, median scores increased from 93.5% (IQR 90.6, 95.4) to 95.1% (92.8, 96.7, P=0.0001). For the fill-in test: 94.1% for LB (89.6, 97.2) to 96.6% for FC/TBL (92.4, 99.20 P=0.0001). For MC: 88% for LB (84, 92) to 90% for FC/TBL (86, 94, P=0.0002). For the rhythm test: median 100% for both formats. More students failed 1 of 3 tests with LB vs. FC/TBL (24.7% vs. 14.7%), and 2 or 3 components (8.1% vs. 3.2%, P=0.006). Conversely, 82.1% passed all 3 with FC/TBL vs. 67.2% with LB (difference 14.9%, 95% CI 4.8-24.0%). Conclusion: A FC/TBL format for ACLS marginally improved written test results.

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Psychometric properties of a novel knowledge assessment tool of mechanical ventilation for emergency medicine residents in the northeastern United States  
Jeremy B. Richards, Tania D. Strout, Todd A. Seigel, Susan R. Wilcox
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:10.   Published online February 16, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.10
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Prior descriptions of the psychometric properties of validated knowledge assessment tools designed to determine Emergency medicine (EM) residents understanding of physiologic and clinical concepts related to mechanical ventilation are lacking. In this setting, we have performed this study to describe the psychometric and performance properties of a novel knowledge assessment tool that measures EM residents’ knowledge of topics in mechanical ventilation.
Methods
Results from a multicenter, prospective, survey study involving 219 EM residents from 8 academic hospitals in northeastern United States were analyzed to quantify reliability, item difficulty, and item discrimination of each of the 9 questions included in the knowledge assessment tool for 3 weeks, beginning in January 2013.
Results
The response rate for residents completing the knowledge assessment tool was 68.6% (214 out of 312 EM residents). Reliability was assessed by both Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.6293) and the Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.6437). Item difficulty ranged from 0.39 to 0.96, with a mean item difficulty of 0.75 for all 9 questions. Uncorrected item discrimination values ranged from 0.111 to 0.556. Corrected item-total correlations were determined by removing the question being assessed from analysis, resulting in a range of item discrimination from 0.139 to 0.498.
Conclusion
Reliability, item difficulty and item discrimination were within satisfactory ranges in this study, demonstrating acceptable psychometric properties of this knowledge assessment tool. This assessment indicates that this knowledge assessment tool is sufficiently rigorous for use in future research studies or for assessment of EM residents for evaluative purposes.

Citations

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Brief Reports
Perceptions of pharmacy clerkship students and clinical preceptors regarding preceptors’ teaching behaviors at Gondar University in Ethiopia  
Tadesse Melaku, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Yonas Getaye, Sewunet Admasu, Ramadan Alkalmi
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:9.   Published online February 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed to compare the perceptions of pharmacy clerkship students and clinical preceptors of preceptors’ teaching behaviors at Gondar University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy clerkship students and preceptors during June 2014 and December 2015. A 52-item structured questionnaire was self-administered to 126 students and 23 preceptors. The responses are presented using descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test the significance of differences between students and preceptors. The response rate was 89.4% for students and 95.6% for preceptors. Statistically significant differences were observed in the responses regarding two of the five communication skills that were examined, six of the 26 clinical skills, and five of the 21 parameters involving feedback. The mean scores of preceptors (2.6/3) and students (1.9/3) regarding instructors’ ability to answer questions were found to be significantly different (P= 0.01). Students and preceptors gave mean scores of 1.9 and 2.8, respectively, to a question regarding preceptors’ application of appropriate up-to-date knowledge to individual patients (P= 0.00). Significant differences were also noted between students and instructors regarding the degree to which preceptors encouraged students to evaluate their own performance (P= 0.01). Discrepancies were noted between students and preceptors regarding preceptors’ teaching behaviors. Preceptors rated their teaching behaviors more highly than students did. Short-term training is warranted for preceptors to improve some aspects of their teaching skills.

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  • Pharmaceutical care journey: Final-year pharmacy students’ experiences of the hospital-based clinical pharmacy clerkship programme in north- east Nigeria
    Roland N Okoro, John David Ohieku, Sani Ibn Yakubu
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Changing medical students’ perception of the evaluation culture: Is it possible?  
Jorie M. Colbert-Getz, Steven Baumann
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:8.   Published online February 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Student feedback is a critical component of the teacher-learner cycle. However, there is not a gold standard course or clerkship evaluation form and limited research on the impact of changing the evaluation process. Results from a focus group and pre-implementation feedback survey coupled with best practices in survey design were used to improve all course/clerkship evaluation for academic year 2013-2014. In spring 2014 we asked all subjected students in University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America to complete the same feedback survey (post-implementation survey). We assessed the evaluation climate with 3 measures on the feedback survey: overall satisfaction with the evaluation process; time students gave effort to the process; and time students used shortcuts. Scores from these measures were compared between 2013 and 2014 with Mann-Whitney U-tests. Response rates were 79% (254) for 2013 and 52% (179) for 2014. Students’ overall satisfaction score were significantly higher (more positive) post-implementation compared to pre-implementation (P<0.001). There was no change in the amount of time students gave effort to completing evaluations (P=0.981) and no change for the amount of time they used shortcuts to complete evaluations (P=0.956). We were able to change overall satisfaction with the medical school evaluation culture, but there was no change in the amount of time students gave effort to completing evaluations and times they used shortcuts to complete evaluations. To ensure accurate evaluation results we will need to focus our efforts on time needed to complete course evaluations across all four years.

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  • Benefits of focus group discussions beyond online surveys in course evaluations by medical students in the United States: a qualitative study
    Katharina Brandl, Soniya V. Rabadia, Alexander Chang, Jess Mandel
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Editorial
Association for Medical Education in the Western Pacific Region: Presidential Address 2016
Michael Field
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:7.   Published online February 11, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.7
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PDF

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  • A two-year progress report on medical education standards in the Western Pacific: Presidential address 2018
    Michael Field
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2018; 15: 6.     CrossRef
Technical Report
Calibrating the Medical Council of Canada’s Qualifying Examination Part I using an integrated item response theory framework: a comparison of models and designs  
Andre F. De Champlain, Andre-Philippe Boulais, Andrew Dallas
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:6.   Published online January 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.6
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The aim of this research was to compare different methods of calibrating multiple choice question (MCQ) and clinical decision making (CDM) components for the Medical Council of Canada’s Qualifying Examination Part I (MCCQEI) based on item response theory.
Methods
Our data consisted of test results from 8,213 first time applicants to MCCQEI in spring and fall 2010 and 2011 test administrations. The data set contained several thousand multiple choice items and several hundred CDM cases. Four dichotomous calibrations were run using BILOG-MG 3.0. All 3 mixed item format (dichotomous MCQ responses and polytomous CDM case scores) calibrations were conducted using PARSCALE 4.
Results
The 2-PL model had identical numbers of items with chi-square values at or below a Type I error rate of 0.01 (83/3,499 or 0.02). In all 3 polytomous models, whether the MCQs were either anchored or concurrently run with the CDM cases, results suggest very poor fit. All IRT abilities estimated from dichotomous calibration designs correlated very highly with each other. IRT-based pass-fail rates were extremely similar, not only across calibration designs and methods, but also with regard to the actual reported decision to candidates. The largest difference noted in pass rates was 4.78%, which occurred between the mixed format concurrent 2-PL graded response model (pass rate= 80.43%) and the dichotomous anchored 1-PL calibrations (pass rate= 85.21%).
Conclusion
Simpler calibration designs with dichotomized items should be implemented. The dichotomous calibrations provided better fit of the item response matrix than more complex, polytomous calibrations.

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JEEHP : Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions