Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Evaluation of medical school faculty members’ educational performance in Korea in 2022 through analysis of the promotion regulations: a mixed methods study: Hye Won Jang, Janghee Park; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:7. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.7

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
To ensure faculty members’ active participation in education in response to growing demand, medical schools should clearly describe educational activities in their promotion regulations. This study analyzed the status of how medical education activities are evaluated in promotion regulations in 2022, in Korea.
Methods
Data were collected from promotion regulations retrieved by searching the websites of 22 medical schools/universities in August 2022. To categorize educational activities and evaluation methods, the Association of American Medical Colleges framework for educational activities was utilized. Correlations between medical schools’ characteristics and the evaluation of medical educational activities were analyzed.
Results
We defined 6 categories, including teaching, development of education products, education administration and service, scholarship in education, student affairs, and others, and 20 activities with 57 sub-activities. The average number of included activities was highest in the development of education products category and lowest in the scholarship in education category. The weight adjustment factors of medical educational activities were the characteristics of the target subjects and faculty members, the number of involved faculty members, and the difficulty of activities. Private medical schools tended to have more educational activities in the regulations than public medical schools. The greater the number of faculty members, the greater the number of educational activities in the education administration and service categories.
Conclusion
Medical schools included various medical education activities and their evaluation methods in promotion regulations in Korea. This study provides basic data for improving the rewarding system for efforts of medical faculty members in education.

Medical student selection process enhanced by improving selection algorithms and changing the focus of interviews in Australia: a descriptive study: Boaz Shulruf, Gary Mayer Velan, Sean Edward Kennedy; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:31. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.31

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
The study investigates the efficacy of new features introduced to the selection process for medical school at the University of New South Wales, Australia: (1) considering the relative ranks rather than scores of the Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test and Australian Tertiary Admission Rank; (2) structured interview focusing on interpersonal interaction and concerns should the applicants become students; and (3) embracing interviewers’ diverse perspectives.
Methods
Data from 5 cohorts of students were analyzed, comparing outcomes of the second year in the medicine program of 4 cohorts of the old selection process and 1 of the new process. The main analysis comprised multiple linear regression models for predicting academic, clinical, and professional outcomes, by section tools and demographic variables.
Results
Selection interview marks from the new interview (512 applicants, 2 interviewers each) were analyzed for inter-rater reliability, which identified a high level of agreement (kappa=0.639). No such analysis was possible for the old interview since it required interviewers to reach a consensus. Multivariate linear regression models utilizing outcomes for 5 cohorts (N=905) revealed that the new selection process was much more effective in predicting academic and clinical achievement in the program (R2=9.4%–17.8% vs. R2=1.5%–8.4%).
Conclusion
The results suggest that the medical student selection process can be significantly enhanced by employing a non-compensatory selection algorithm; and using a structured interview focusing on interpersonal interaction and concerns should the applicants become students; as well as embracing interviewers’ diverse perspectives.

Reviews

History of the medical education accreditation system in Korea: implementation and activities in the early stages: Kwang-ho Meng; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:29. Published online October 21, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.29

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Following the opening of 12 new medical schools in Korea in the 1980s, standardization and accreditation of medical schools came to the forefront in the early 1990s. To address the medical community’s concerns about the quality of medical education, the Korean Council for University Education and Ministry of Education conducted a compulsory medical school evaluation in 1996 to see whether medical schools were meeting academic standards or not. This evaluation was, however, a norm-referenced assessment, rather than a criterion-referenced assessment. As a result, the Accreditation Board for Medical Education in Korea (ABMEK) was founded in 1998 as a voluntary organization by the medical community. With full support of the Korean medical community, ABMEK completed its 1st cycle of evaluations of all 41 medical schools from 2000 to 2004. In 2004, ABMEK changed its name to the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE) as a corporate body. After that, the Korean government paid closer attention to its voluntary accreditation activities. In 2014, the Ministry of Education officially recognized the KIMEE as the 1st professional institute for higher education evaluation accreditation. The most important lesson learned from ABMEK/KIMEE is the importance of collaboration among all medical education-related organizations, including the Korean Medical Association.

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Special reviews on the history and future of the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation to memorialize its collaboration with the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute to designate JEEHP as a co-official journal
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Changes in the accreditation standards of medical schools by the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation from 2000 to 2019: Hyo Hyun Yoo, Mi Kyung Kim, Yoo Sang Yoon, Keun Mi Lee, Jong Hun Lee, Seung-Jae Hong, Jung –Sik Huh, Won Kyun Park; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:2. Published online April 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.2

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

This review presents information on changes in the accreditation standards of medical schools in Korea by the Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE) from 2000 to 2019. Specifically, the following aspects are explained: the development process, setting principles and directions, evaluation items, characteristics of the standards, and validity testing over the course of 4 cycles. The first cycle of accreditation (2000–2005) focused on ensuring the minimum requirements for the educational environment. The evaluation criteria emphasized the core elements of medical education, including facilities and human resources. The second cycle of accreditation (2007–2010) emphasized universities’ commitment to social accountability and the pursuit of excellence in medical education. It raised the importance of qualitative standards for judging the content and quality of education. In the post-second accreditation cycle (2012–2018) which means third accreditation cycle, accreditation criteria were developed to standardize the educational environment and programs and to be used for curriculum development in order to continually improve the quality of basic medical education. Most recently, the ASK 2019 (Accreditation Standards of KIMEE 2019) accreditation cycle focused on qualitative evaluations in accordance with the World Federation of Medical Education’s accreditation criteria to reach the international level of basic medical education, which emphasizes the need for a student-centered curriculum, communication with society, and evaluation through a comprehensive basic medical education course. The KIMEE has developed a basic medical education evaluation and accreditation system in a step-by-step manner, as outlined above. Understanding previous processes will be helpful for the future development of accreditation criteria for medical schools in Korea.

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Brief Report

Changing medical students’ perception of the evaluation culture: Is it possible?: Jorie M. Colbert-Getz, Steven Baumann; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:8. Published online February 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.8

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Abstract PDF

Student feedback is a critical component of the teacher-learner cycle. However, there is not a gold standard course or clerkship evaluation form and limited research on the impact of changing the evaluation process. Results from a focus group and pre-implementation feedback survey coupled with best practices in survey design were used to improve all course/clerkship evaluation for academic year 2013-2014. In spring 2014 we asked all subjected students in University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America to complete the same feedback survey (post-implementation survey). We assessed the evaluation climate with 3 measures on the feedback survey: overall satisfaction with the evaluation process; time students gave effort to the process; and time students used shortcuts. Scores from these measures were compared between 2013 and 2014 with Mann-Whitney U-tests. Response rates were 79% (254) for 2013 and 52% (179) for 2014. Students’ overall satisfaction score were significantly higher (more positive) post-implementation compared to pre-implementation (P<0.001). There was no change in the amount of time students gave effort to completing evaluations (P=0.981) and no change for the amount of time they used shortcuts to complete evaluations (P=0.956). We were able to change overall satisfaction with the medical school evaluation culture, but there was no change in the amount of time students gave effort to completing evaluations and times they used shortcuts to complete evaluations. To ensure accurate evaluation results we will need to focus our efforts on time needed to complete course evaluations across all four years.

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Benefits of focus group discussions beyond online surveys in course evaluations by medical students in the United States: a qualitative study
Katharina Brandl, Soniya V. Rabadia, Alexander Chang, Jess Mandel
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2018; 15: 25. CrossRef

Technical Report

Reforms of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination regarding item development and performance evaluation: Mi Kyoung Yim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:6. Published online March 17, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.6

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE) has undergone a variety of innovative reforms implemented by the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board (NHPLEB) in order to make it a competency-based test. The purpose of this article is to describe the ways in which the KMLE has been reformed and the effect of those innovations on medical education in Korea. Methods: Changes in the KMLE were traced from 1994 to 2014 by reviewing the adoption of new policies by the NHPLEB and the relevant literature. Results: The most important reforms that turned the examination into a competency-based test were the following: First, the subjects tested on the exam were revised; second, R-type items were introduced; third, the proportion of items involving problem-solving skills was increased; and fourth, a clinical skills test was introduced in addition to the written test. The literature shows that the above reforms have resulted in more rigorous licensure standards and have improved the educational environment of medical schools in Korea. Conclusion: The reforms of the KMLE have led to improvements in how the competency of examinees is evaluated, as well as improvements in the educational system in medical schools in Korea.

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A Survey on Perceptions of the Direction of Korean Medicine Education and National Licensing Examination
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Research Articles

Exploration of examinees’ traits that affect the score of Korean Medical Licensing Examination: Mi Kyoung Yim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:5. Published online March 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.5

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
It aims to identify the effect of five variables to score of the Korean Medical Licensing Examinations (KMLE) for three consecutive years from 2011 to 2013.
Methods
The number of examinees for each examination was 3,364 in 2011 3,177 in 2012, and 3,287 in 2013. Five characteristics of examinees were set as variables: gender, age, graduation status, written test result (pass or fail), and city of medical school. A regression model was established, with the score of a written test as a dependent variable and with examinees’ traits as variables.
Results
The regression coefficients in all variables, except the city of medical school, were statistically significant. The variable’s effect in three examinations appeared in the following order: result of written test, graduation status, age, gender, and city of medical school.
Conclusion
written test scores of the KMLE revealed that female students, younger examinees, and first-time examinees had higher performances.

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Gender bias in the medical school admission system in Japan
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Students’ perception of the learning environment at Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba: P. Ravi Shankar, Arun K Dubey, Ramanan Balasubramanium; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2013;10:8. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.8

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Brief Report

Conducting correlation seminars in basic sciences at KIST Medical College, Nepal: P. Ravi Shankar; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2011;8:10. Published online October 17, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2011.8.10

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Abstract PDF

KIST Medical College is a new medical school in Lalitpur, Nepal. In Nepal, six basic science subjects are taught together in an integrated organ system-based manner with early clinical exposure and community medicine. Correlation seminars are conducted at the end of covering each organ system. The topics are decided by the core academic group (consisting of members from each basic science department, the Department of Community Medicine, the academic director, and the clinical and program coordinators) considering the public health importance of the condition and its ability to include learning objectives from a maximum number of subjects. The learning objectives are decided by individual departments and finalized after the meeting of the core group. There are two student coordinators for each seminar and an evaluation group evaluates each seminar and presenter. Correlation seminars help students revise the organ system covered and understand its clinical importance, promote teamwork and organization, and supports active learning. Correlation seminars should be considered as a learning modality by other medical schools.

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Clinical Correlations as a Tool in Basic Science Medical Education
Brenda J. Klement, Douglas F. Paulsen, Lawrence E. Wineski
Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2016; 3: JMECD.S18919. CrossRef
Students’ perception of the learning environment at Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba
P. Ravi Shankar, Arun K Dubey, Ramanan Balasubramanium
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2013; 10: 8. CrossRef
Challenges in conducting the undergraduate medical program in a medical school in Nepal: A personal selection
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Review Article

Medical school accreditation in Australia: Issues involved in assessing major changes and new programs: Michael J. Field; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2011;8:6. Published online June 8, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2011.8.6

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Abstract PDF

The Australian Medical Council (AMC) is an independent company for quality assurance and quality improvement in medical education in Australia and New Zealand. Accreditation procedures for the 20 medical schools in these two countries are somewhat different for three different circumstances or stages of school development: existing medical schools, established courses undergoing major changes, and new schools. This paper will outline some issues involved in major changes to existing courses, and new medical school programs. Major changes have included change from a 6 year undergraduate course to a 5 year undergraduate course or 4 year graduate-entry course, introduction of a lateral graduate-entry stream, new domestic site of course delivery, offshore course delivery, joint program between two universities, and major change to curriculum. In the case of a major change assessment, accreditation of the new or revised course may be granted for a period up to two years after the full course has been implemented. In the assessment of proposals for introduction of new medical courses, six issues needing careful consideration have arisen: forward planning, academic staffing, adequate clinical experience, acceptable research program, adequacy of resources, postgraduate training program and employment.

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Research Article

Discriminant Analysis of Essay, Mathematics/Science Type of Essay, College Scholastic Ability Test, and Grade Point Average as Predictors of Acceptance to a Pre-med Course at a Korean Medical School: Geum-Hee Jeong; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2008;5:4. Published online December 22, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2008.5.4

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