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Review
How to review and assess a systematic review and meta-analysis article: a methodological study (secondary publication)  
Seung-Kwon Myung
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:24.   Published online August 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.24
  • 2,581 View
  • 300 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become central in many research fields, particularly medicine. They offer the highest level of evidence in evidence-based medicine and support the development and revision of clinical practice guidelines, which offer recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with specific diseases and conditions. This review summarizes the concepts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and provides guidance on reviewing and assessing such papers. A systematic review refers to a review of a research question that uses explicit and systematic methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research. In contrast, a meta-analysis is a quantitative statistical analysis that combines individual results on the same research question to estimate the common or mean effect. Conducting a meta-analysis involves defining a research topic, selecting a study design, searching literature in electronic databases, selecting relevant studies, and conducting the analysis. One can assess the findings of a meta-analysis by interpreting a forest plot and a funnel plot and by examining heterogeneity. When reviewing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, several essential points must be considered, including the originality and significance of the work, the comprehensiveness of the database search, the selection of studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, subgroup analyses by various factors, and the interpretation of the results based on the levels of evidence. This review will provide readers with helpful guidance to help them read, understand, and evaluate these articles.

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  • The Role of BIM in Managing Risks in Sustainability of Bridge Projects: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
    Dema Munef Ahmad, László Gáspár, Zsolt Bencze, Rana Ahmad Maya
    Sustainability.2024; 16(3): 1242.     CrossRef
Research articles
Enhanced numeracy skills following team-based learning in United States pharmacy students: a longitudinal cohort study  
Rob Edwin Carpenter, Leanne Coyne, Dave Silberman, Jody Kyoto Takemoto
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:29.   Published online October 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.29
  • 1,575 View
  • 150 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
The literature suggests that the ability to numerate cannot be fully understood without accounting for the social context in which mathematical activity is represented. Team-based learning (TBL) is an andragogical approach with theoretical links to sociocultural and community-of-practice learning. This study aimed to quantitatively explore the impact of TBL instruction on numeracy development in 2 cohorts of pharmacy students and identify the impact of TBL instruction on numeracy development from a social perspective for healthcare education.
Methods
Two cohorts of students were administered the Health Science Reasoning Test-Numeracy (HSRT-N) before beginning pharmacy school. Two years after using TBL as the primary method of instruction, both comprehensive and domain data from the HSRT-N were analyzed.
Results
In total, 163 pharmacy student scores met the inclusion criteria. The students’ numeracy skills measured by HSRT-N improved after 2 years of TBL instruction.
Conclusion
Numeracy was the most significantly improved HSRT-N domain in pharmacy students following two years of TBL instruction. Although a closer examination of numeracy development in TBL is warranted, initial data suggest that TBL instruction may be an adequate proxy for advancing numeracy in a cohort of pharmacy students. TBL may encourage a social practice of mathematics to improve pharmacy students’ ability to numerate critically.
Content validity test of a safety checklist for simulated participants in simulation-based education in the United Kingdom: a methodological study
Matthew Bradley
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:21.   Published online August 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.21
  • 1,618 View
  • 157 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Simulation training is an ever-growing means of healthcare education and often involves simulated participants (SPs), commonly known as actors. Simulation-based education (SBE) can sometimes endanger SPs, and as such we have created a safety checklist for them to follow. This study describes how we developed the checklist through a quality improvement project, and then evaluated feedback responses to assess whether SPs felt our checklist was safe.
Methods
The checklist was provided to SPs working in an acute trust simulation service when delivering multidisciplinary SBE over 4 months. Using multiple plan–do–study–act cycles, the checklist was refined by reflecting on SP feedback to ensure that the standards of the safe simulation were met. We collected 21 responses from September to December 2021 after SPs completed an SBE event.
Results
The responses showed that 100% of SPs felt safe during SBE when using our checklist. The average “confidence in safety” rating before using the checklist was 6.8/10, which increased significantly to 9.2/10 after using the checklist (P<0.0005). The checklist was refined throughout the 4 months and implemented in adult and pediatric SBE as a standard operating procedure.
Conclusion
We recommend using our safety checklist as a standard operating procedure to improve the confidence and safety of SPs during safe and effective simulations.
Review
Characteristics and 10 key components of interpersonal caring: a narrative review  
Susie Kim
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:17.   Published online July 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.17
  • 3,900 View
  • 253 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
This paper aims to help people understand better the lives of people who are mentally ill by describing the general concept of the Interpersonal Caring Theory (ICT) and deducing 10 key components of interpersonal caring. The literature review described the definition of interpersonal caring, and its assumptions and characteristics. Furthermore, the authors’ experience with patient care suggested the critical components of interpersonal caring, which is the compassion-based therapeutic actions/behaviors through the collaborative partnership developed between nurse and client. Essential characteristics of interpersonal caring include the following: person-to-person interaction between nurse and patient, genuine love and concern toward the person, conveying trust and hope, transcending space, time, and culture, holistic approach expressed through a comprehensive and dynamic mode of communication, helping the patient focus on their self-worth, and providing culturally relevant and sensitive nursing. Ten key components of interpersonal caring in ICT include noticing, participating, sharing, active listening, companioning, complimenting, comforting, hoping, forgiving, and accepting. Interpersonal caring results from the blended understanding of the empirical, aesthetic, ethical, and intuitive aspects of a given clinical situation, and a nexus of pre-conditions, content, feelings, and sense of self-worth/self-esteem.

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  • Disparidades de salud en el mundo real de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple
    Roberto Rotta Escalante, Osvaldo Fustinoni, María Elisa Barone, José R. Elli, María del Carmen Martínez Perea
    Neurología Argentina.2023; 15(1): 37.     CrossRef
Research articles
Doctoral physical therapy students’ increased confidence following exploration of active video gaming systems in a problem-based learning curriculum in the United States: a pre- and post-intervention study  
Michelle Elizabeth Wormley, Wendy Romney, Diana Veneri, Andrea Oberlander
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:7.   Published online April 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.7
  • 7,229 View
  • 294 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Active video gaming (AVG) is used in physical therapy (PT) to treat individuals with a variety of diagnoses across the lifespan. The literature supports improvements in balance, cardiovascular endurance, and motor control; however, evidence is lacking regarding the implementation of AVG in PT education. This study investigated doctoral physical therapy (DPT) students’ confidence following active exploration of AVG systems as a PT intervention in the United States.
Methods
This pretest-posttest study included 60 DPT students in 2017 (cohort 1) and 55 students in 2018 (cohort 2) enrolled in a problem-based learning curriculum. AVG systems were embedded into patient cases and 2 interactive laboratory classes across 2 consecutive semesters (April–December 2017 and April–December 2018). Participants completed a 31-question survey before the intervention and 8 months later. Students’ confidence was rated for general use, game selection, plan of care, set-up, documentation, setting, and demographics. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare differences in confidence pre- and post-intervention.
Results
Both cohorts showed increased confidence at the post-test, with median (interquartile range) scores as follows: cohort 1: pre-test, 57.1 (44.3–63.5); post-test, 79.1 (73.1–85.4); and cohort 2: pre-test, 61.4 (48.0–70.7); post-test, 89.3 (80.0–93.2). Cohort 2 was significantly more confident at baseline than cohort 1 (P<0.05). In cohort 1, students’ data were paired and confidence levels significantly increased in all domains: use, Z=-6.2 (P<0.01); selection, Z=-5.9 (P<0.01); plan of care, Z=-6.0 (P<0.01); set-up, Z=-5.5 (P<0.01); documentation, Z=-6.0 (P<0.01); setting, Z=-6.3 (P<0.01); and total score, Z=-6.4 (P<0.01).
Conclusion
Structured, active experiences with AVG resulted in a significant increase in students’ confidence. As technology advances in healthcare delivery, it is essential to expose students to these technologies in the classroom.
Key competencies for Korean nurses in prenatal genetic nursing: experiential genetic nursing knowledge, and ethics and law  
Gyeyoung Shin, Myunghee Jun, Hye-Kyung Kim, Michael Wreen, Sylvia Mimi Kubsch
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:36.   Published online November 26, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.36
  • 4,648 View
  • 154 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study aims at determining the competencies of Korean nurses in prenatal genetic nursing.
Methods
First, a 3-round Delphi survey was conducted to establish prenatal genetic nursing competencies. Second, a prenatal genetic nursing education program (PGNEP), incorporating the findings from the Delphi survey, was designed. Third, a single group pre- and post-quasi-experimental study at a PGNEP workshop was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the integration of the competencies into the PGNEP with the measurements of knowledge about prenatal genetic testing and nursing (K-PGTN) and information needs about prenatal genetic testing and nursing (I-PGTN). Finally, the identified competencies were reexamined for their clarity.
Results
Based on the Delphi survey 78 competency components were identified. The components were then classified under 10 categories, which were organized under 4 domains. The domain of “experiential genetic nursing knowledge” and the domain of “ethics and law” were ranked as the first and the second in significance. The quasi-experimental study showed that the mean scores in K-PGTN were significantly increased from 8.19±2.67 to 11.25±2.51 (P<0.001). The mean scores of “ethics and law” in I-PGTN decreased significantly (P=0.023). The headings of 4 categories and 2 domains were revised.
Conclusion
This study identified competencies for prenatal genetic nursing and nursing education in Korea. There is a need for nursing instructors and researchers to improve the competencies of nurses in the identified areas. Particular emphasis should be placed on experiential nursing knowledge and on ethics and law related to prenatal genetic nursing.

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  • Current State of Genomics in Nursing: A Scoping Review of Healthcare Provider Oriented (Clinical and Educational) Outcomes (2012–2022)
    Joanne Thomas, Jordan Keels, Kathleen A. Calzone, Laurie Badzek, Sarah Dewell, Christine Patch, Emma T. Tonkin, Andrew A. Dwyer
    Genes.2023; 14(11): 2013.     CrossRef
Educational/faculty development material
Guidelines for the management of extravasation  
Jung Tae Kim, Jeong Yun Park, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Ju Cheon
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:21.   Published online August 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.21
  • 22,792 View
  • 1,388 Download
  • 31 Web of Science
  • 34 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
The purpose of these practice guidelines is to offer and share strategies for preventing extravasation and measures for handling drugs known to cause tissue necrosis, which may occur even with the most skilled experts at intravenous (IV) injection. Herein, general knowledge about extravasation is first described, including its definition, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and extravasation injuries. Management of extravasation includes nursing intervention and thermal application. At the first sign of extravasation, nursing intervention with following steps is recommended: stop administration of IV fluids immediately, disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, aspirate any remaining drug from the cannula, administer drug-specific antidote, and notify the physician. Local thermal treatments are used to decrease the site reaction and absorption of the infiltrate. Local cooling (ice packs) aids in vasoconstriction, theoretically limiting the drug dispersion. Although clear benefit has not been demonstrated with thermal applications, it remains a standard supportive care. The recommended application schedule for both warm and cold applications is 15 to 20 minutes, every 4 hours, for 24 to 48 hours. For prevention of extravasation, health professionals should be familiar with the extravasation management standard guidelines. They should regularly check the extravasation kit, assess patients’ sensory changes, tingling or burning, and always pay attention to patients’ words. The medical team’s continuous education on extravasation is essential. With the practical use of these guidelines, it is expected to reduce the occurrence rate of extravasation and contribute to patient care improvement.

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    Martin Ndayambaje, Hicham Wahnou, Marieme Sow, Oumaima Chgari, Thierry Habyarimana, Mehdi Karkouri, Youness Limami, Abdallah Naya, Mounia Oudghiri
    Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A.2024; 87(4): 150.     CrossRef
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    Andrew Barton
    British Journal of Nursing.2024; 33(7): S18.     CrossRef
  • Safe and Informed Use of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent in Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Where We Were and Where We Are
    Francesca Iacobellis, Marco Di Serafino, Camilla Russo, Roberto Ronza, Martina Caruso, Giuseppina Dell’Aversano Orabona, Costanza Camillo, Vittorio Sabatino, Dario Grimaldi, Chiara Rinaldo, Luigi Barbuto, Francesco Verde, Giuliana Giacobbe, Maria Laura Sc
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    Selma Atay, Şengül Üzen Cura, Sevda Efil
    The Journal of Vascular Access.2023; 24(4): 848.     CrossRef
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    Ali Issani
    Disease-a-Month.2023; 69(2): 101355.     CrossRef
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    M.J. Billingham, R. Mittal
    BJA Education.2023; 23(2): 42.     CrossRef
  • Extravasation injuries in the intravenous therapy with drugs with properties vesicants and irritants in the veterinary medicine of small animals
    Paolo Ruggero Errante
    Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research.2023; 12(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Sensing Technologies for Extravasation Detection: A Review
    Ikue Hirata, Arianna Mazzotta, Pooyan Makvandi, Ilaria Cesini, Chiara Brioschi, Andrea Ferraris, Virgilio Mattoli
    ACS Sensors.2023; 8(3): 1017.     CrossRef
  • Skin Staining Following Intravenous Iron Extravasation in a Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report
    Ruolin Shi, Judith G. Marin, Monica Beaulieu
    Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease.2023; 10: 205435812311657.     CrossRef
  • Extravasation of monoclonal antibodies commonly used in oncology: Classification, management and the role of the pharmacist
    Tiene Bauters, Nele Clottens, María A Albert-Marí
    Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice.2023; : 107815522311786.     CrossRef
  • Extravasation of Noncytotoxic Agents: Skin Injury and Risk Classification
    Yuuka Shibata, Takanori Taogoshi, Hiroaki Matsuo
    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2023; 46(6): 746.     CrossRef
  • Radiopharmaceutical extravasation in bone scintigraphy: a cross-sectional study
    Davide Fernandes, Márcia Santos, Miguel Pinheiro, Hugo Duarte, Filipa Fontes
    Nuclear Medicine Communications.2023; 44(10): 870.     CrossRef
  • Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Calcium Gluconate Extravasation
    Derek S Weimer, Sydney Jones, Tanya Ramadoss, Una Milovanovic, Mohammadali M Shoja, Gary Schwartz
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Profiles and Outcomes of Skin Injuries Caused by Injectable Drug Extravasation
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    Karen-Christian Agno, Keungmo Yang, Sang-Hyuk Byun, Subin Oh, Simok Lee, Heesoo Kim, Kyurae Kim, Sungwoo Cho, Won-Il Jeong, Jae-Woong Jeong
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    Ayşen ORMAN, Yalçın ÇELİK, Nihan ÖZEL ERÇEL
    Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; 15(3): 465.     CrossRef
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    Frauenheilkunde up2date.2021; 15(02): 107.     CrossRef
  • Tissue distribution of epirubicin after severe extravasation in humans
    Jakob Nedomansky, Werner Haslik, Ursula Pluschnig, Christoph Kornauth, Christine Deutschmann, Stefan Hacker, Günther G. Steger, Rupert Bartsch, Robert M. Mader
    Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2021; 88(2): 203.     CrossRef
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    Ruiqi Lim, Ramona B. Damalerio, Choon Looi Bong, Swee Kim Tan, Ming-Yuan Cheng
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    Yan-Xu Lu, Ying Wu, Peng-Fei Liang, Rong-Chan Wu, Ling-Yun Tian, Hui-Ying Mo
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(18): 4599.     CrossRef
  • Modern approaches for long-term venous access in oncology
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    Onkologiya. Zhurnal imeni P.A.Gertsena.2021; 10(3): 69.     CrossRef
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  • Measuring the Validity and Reliability of the Vascular Access Complication Staging and Treatment Instrument in a Pediatric Population
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    Journal of Infusion Nursing.2021; 44(4): 225.     CrossRef
  • Chemotherapy Extravasation: Incidence of and Factors Associated With Events in a Community Cancer Center
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    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2021; Volume 14: 4931.     CrossRef
  • The Journal Citation Indicator has arrived for Emerging Sources Citation Index journals, including the Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, in June 2021
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Research articles
Self-care perspective taking and empathy in a student-faculty book club in the United States  
Rebecca Henderson, Melanie Gross Hagen, Zareen Zaidi, Valentina Dunder, Edlira Maska, Ying Nagoshi
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:22.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.22
  • 7,191 View
  • 172 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
We aimed to study the impact of a combined faculty-student book club on education and medical practice as a part of the informal curriculum at the University of Florida College of Medicine in the United States.
Methods
Sixteen medical students and 7 faculties who participated in the book club were interviewed through phone and recorded. The interview was then transcribed and entered into the qualitative data analysis program QSR NVivo (QSR International, Burlington, MA, USA). The transcripts were reviewed, and thematic codes were developed inductively through collaborative iteration. Based on these preliminary codes, a coding dictionary was developed and applied to all interviews within QSR Nvivo to identify themes.
Results
Four main themes were identified from interviews: The first theme, the importance of literature to the development and maintenance of empathy and perspective-taking, and the second theme, the importance of the book club in promoting mentorship, personal relationships and professional development, were important to both student and faculty participants. The third and fourth themes, the need for the book club as a tool for self-care and the book club serving as a reminder about the world outside of school were discussed by student book club members.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that an informal book club has a significant positive impact on self-care, perspective-taking, empathy, and developing a “world outside of school” for medical school students and faculty in the United States. It also helps to foster meaningful relationships between students and faculty.

Citations

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  • Student-faculty dialogue: meaningful perspective taking on campus
    Tee R. Tyler
    Social Work With Groups.2024; 47(2): 165.     CrossRef
  • Clubes de lectura: una revisión sistemática internacional de estudios (2010-2022)
    Carmen Álvarez-Álvarez, Julián Pascual Díez
    Literatura: teoría, historia, crítica.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    David B. Ney, Nethra Ankam, Anita Wilson, John Spandorfer
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    Sarah L. Collins, Stuart J. Case, Alexandra K. Rodriguez, Acquel C. Allen, Elizabeth A. Wood
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    Laila M. Brown, Valerie Brett Shaindlin
    The Library Quarterly.2021; 91(4): 420.     CrossRef
  • Medical Students’ Creation of Original Poetry, Comics, and Masks to Explore Professional Identity Formation
    Johanna Shapiro, Juliet McMullin, Gabriella Miotto, Tan Nguyen, Anju Hurria, Minh Anh Nguyen
    Journal of Medical Humanities.2021; 42(4): 603.     CrossRef
Evaluation of student perceptions with 2 interprofessional assessment tools—the Collaborative Healthcare Interdisciplinary Relationship Planning instrument and the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale—following didactic and clinical learning experiences in the United States  
Vincent Dennis, Melissa Craft, Dale Bratzler, Melody Yozzo, Denise Bender, Christi Barbee, Stephen Neely, Margaret Robinson
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:35.   Published online November 5, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.35
  • 9,939 View
  • 220 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study investigated changes in students’ attitudes using 2 validated interprofessional survey instruments—the Collaborative Healthcare Interdisciplinary Relationship Planning (CHIRP) instrument and the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS)—before and after didactic and clinical cohorts.
Methods
Students from 7 colleges/schools participated in didactic and clinical cohorts during the 2017–2018 year. Didactic cohorts experienced 2 interactive sessions 6 months apart, while clinical cohorts experienced 4 outpatient clinical sessions once monthly. For the baseline and post-cohort assessments, 865 students were randomly assigned to complete either the 14-item CHIRP or the 27-item IPAS. The Pittman test using permutations of linear ranks was used to determine differences in the score distribution between the baseline and post-cohort assessments. Pooled results were compared for the CHIRP total score and the IPAS total and subdomain scores. For each score, 3 comparisons were made simultaneously: overall baseline versus post-didactic cohort, overall baseline versus post-clinical cohort, and post-didactic cohort versus post-clinical cohort. Alpha was adjusted to 0.0167 to account for simultaneous comparisons.
Results
The baseline and post-cohort survey response rates were 62.4% and 65.9% for CHIRP and 58.7% and 58.1% for IPAS, respectively. The post-clinical cohort scores for the IPAS subdomain of teamwork, roles, and responsibilities were significantly higher than the baseline and post-didactic cohort scores. No differences were seen for the remaining IPAS subdomain scores or the CHIRP instrument total score.
Conclusion
The IPAS instrument may discern changes in student attitudes in the subdomain of teamwork, roles, and responsibilities following short-term clinical experiences involving diverse interprofessional team members.

Citations

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    Lina Heier, Barbara Schellenberger, Anna Schippers, Sebastian Nies, Franziska Geiser, Nicole Ernstmann
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Brief report
Higher levels of self-efficacy and readiness for a future career among Spanish-speaking physician assistant students after their volunteer work at a student-run free clinic in the United States  
Shannon Weaver, Zainub Hussaini, Virginia Lynn Valentin, Samin Panahi, Sarah Elizabeth Levitt, Jeanie Ashby, Akiko Kamimura
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:27.   Published online September 6, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.27
  • 23,351 View
  • 164 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Volunteering at a free clinic may influence career choice among health profession students. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, interest in future work with the underserved, and interest in primary care among physician assistant (PA) students through an analysis of demographic characteristics of PA students at a student-run free clinic in the United States. Data were collected from 56 PA students through a quantitative survey in October 2018 after their participation at a student-run free clinic in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the intermountain west region of the USA. Out of the 3 sub-scales (attitudes, effect, and readiness), students responded most positively to items exploring the effect of their experiences of volunteering at the free clinic. Students who spoke Spanish showed higher levels of self-efficacy and readiness for a future career than non-Spanish speakers.
Research articles
Development of a self-assessment tool for resident doctors’ communication skills in India  
Upendra Baitha, Piyush Ranjan, Siddharth Sarkar, Charu Arora, Archana Kumari, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Asmita Patil, Nayer Jamshed
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:17.   Published online June 24, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.17
  • 14,281 View
  • 261 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Effective communication skills are essential for resident doctors to provide optimum patient care. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the self-assessment of resident doctors’ communication skills in India.
Methods
This was a mixed-methods study conducted in 2 phases. The first phase consisted of questionnaire development, including the identification of relevant literature, focus group discussions with residents and experts from clinical specialties, and pre-testing of the questionnaire. The second phase involved administering the questionnaire survey to 95 residents from the Departments of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, and Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India in April 2019. Internal consistency was tested and the factor structure was analyzed to test construct validity.
Results
The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: (A) 4 items on doctor-patient conflicts and the role of communication skills in avoiding these conflicts, (B) 29 items on self-assessment of communication skills in different settings, and (C) 8 items on barriers to practicing good communication skills. Sections B and C had good internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.885 and 0.771, respectively). Section C had a 2-factor solution, and the barriers were classified as ‘training’ and ‘infrastructure’ factors.
Conclusion
This appears to be a valid assessment tool of resident doctors’ communication skills, with potential utility for identifying gaps in communication skills and developing communication skills modules.

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Factors influencing the career preferences of medical students and interns: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey from India  
Ruban Anand, Prakash Somi Sankaran
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:12.   Published online May 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.12
  • 17,126 View
  • 379 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
The study aimed to identify the motivational factors and demographic variables influencing the career preferences of medical students in India.
Methods
We conducted a questionnaire-based survey at Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. The participants were 368 of the 460 medical students and interns enrolled at the institution from October 2015 to August 2016. We designed the questionnaire to collect demographic data, students’ preferences for career specialties, and the motivational factors influencing them. Then, we analyzed the influence of these factors and demographic variables on career preferences using regression analysis.
Results
Of the 368 respondents, 356 (96.7%) expressed their intention to pursue a residency program after the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program, and about two-thirds indicated their preference to do so in India. The specialties most preferred by students were general surgery, general medicine (internal medicine), and pediatrics, while the least preferred were anatomy, obstetrics and gynecology, and community medicine. Factor analysis yielded three motivational factors, which we named ‘personal growth,’ ‘professional growth,’ and ‘personal satisfaction’ based on the items loaded in each. The motivational factors were predicted by demographic variables (gender, geographical background, current stage in the MBBS program, and the presence of relatives in the health professions). Demographic variables and the motivational factors also had significant influences on career preferences.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into the motivational factors that influence the career preferences of Indian medical students and interns. A robust longitudinal study would be required to study intra-individual variations in preferences and the persistence of choices.

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Cultural immersion in the education of healthcare professionals: a systematic review  
Marty J. Brock, Levi B. Fowler, Johnathan G. Freeman, Devan C. Richardson, Lisa J. Barnes
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:4.   Published online January 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.4
  • 28,882 View
  • 427 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
With the ever-changing cultural makeup of society, the ability to deliver culturally appropriate healthcare is essential. An educational method aimed at increasing cultural knowledge and sensitivity in the education of healthcare professionals is cultural immersion, which creates opportunities for transformational learning through direct interactions with culturally diverse populations. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the qualitative effects of cultural immersion experiences on graduate-level healthcare professional students.
Methods
A search of the CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) databases was performed, utilizing search terms including cultural immersion, cultural sensitivity, educational outcomes, and healthcare professionals. The search was limited to publications within the last 10 years. The articles were screened according to title, abstract, and full-text following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Themes identified within each article were collected and categorized, using a qualitative methodology, into 5 overarching domains to assess the educational experiences. Studies were scored for quality using the qualitative portion of the McGill Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool–2011.
Results
Nine studies incorporating a total of 94 participants with experiences in 14 culturally diverse environments revealing 47 individually identified themes were included in the review. The results indicated that all cultural immersion experiences stimulated increased cultural awareness and sensitivity.
Conclusion
Cultural immersion experiences produced a positive, multi-domain effect on cultural learning in students of the health professions. The results of this review provide support for implementing cultural immersion experiences into the education of healthcare professionals with the goal of increasing cultural sensitivity.

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Developing a framework for evaluating the impact of Healthcare Improvement Science Education across Europe: a qualitative study  
Manuel Lillo-Crespo, M. Cristina Sierras-Davó, Rhoda MacRae, Kevin Rooney
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:28.   Published online November 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.28
  • 33,919 View
  • 419 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Frontline healthcare professionals are well positioned to improve the systems in which they work. Educational curricula, however, have not always equipped healthcare professionals with the skills or knowledge to implement and evaluate improvements. It is important to have a robust and standardized framework in order to evaluate the impact of such education in terms of improvement, both within and across European countries. The results of such evaluations will enhance the further development and delivery of healthcare improvement science (HIS) education. We aimed to describe the development and piloting of a framework for prospectively evaluating the impact of HIS education and learning.
Methods
The evaluation framework was designed collaboratively and piloted in 7 European countries following a qualitative methodology. The present study used mixed methods to gather data from students and educators. The framework took the Kirkpatrick model of evaluation as a theoretical reference.
Results
The framework was found to be feasible and acceptable for use across differing European higher education contexts according to the pilot study and the participants’ consensus. It can be used effectively to evaluate and develop HIS education across European higher education institutions.
Conclusion
We offer a new evaluation framework to capture the impact of HIS education. The implementation of this tool has the potential to facilitate the continuous development of HIS education.

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Unmet needs in health training among nurses in rural Chinese township health centers: a cross-sectional hospital-based study  
Yan Mo, Guijie Hu, Yanhua Yi, Yanping Ying, Huiqiao Huang, Zhongxian Huang, Jiafeng Lin
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:22.   Published online October 4, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.22
  • 40,510 View
  • 205 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Maintaining a sufficient and competent rural nursing workforce is an important goal of the Chinese health delivery system. However, few studies have investigated the health training status or conducted a needs assessment of rural Chinese nurses during this time of great transformations in health policy. This study was conducted to explore the current health training status of nurses working in rural Chinese township health centers (THCs) and to ascertain their perceived needs.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire was conducted among 240 THC nurses in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China from March 2014 to August 2014. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the Second Chinese Survey of Demographic Data and Training Demand for Health Professionals in THCs developed by the Ministry of Education.
Results
The nurses in THCs were young, with a low educational level. Their perceived needs for health training included further clinical studies at city-level hospitals to improve their skills and theoretical studies at medical universities in emergency medicine and general practice. Overall, 71.9% of the nurses with a secondary technical school background expected to pursue junior college studies, and 68.5% of the nurses with a junior college education expected to pursue a bachelor’s degree. A decentralized program with theoretical studies at medical universities and practical studies at county hospitals was regarded as feasible by 66.9% of the respondents.
Conclusion
Health-training programs for nurses in Chinese THCs must be improved in terms of coverage, delivery mode, and content. A decentralized degree-linked training program in which medical universities and city hospitals collaborate would be an appropriate mode of delivery.

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JEEHP : Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions