1College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
2College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
© 2020, Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization: YL, YO. Data curation: YL, YO. Formal analysis: YL, YO. Funding acquisition: YO. Methodology: YL, YO. Project administration: YO. Visualization: YO. Writing–original draft: YL, YO. Writing–review & editing: YL, YO.
Conflict of interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Funding
This work was supported by the Hallym University Research Fund, 2020 (HRF-202007-014).
Data availability
None.
No. | Author (year) | Country/care setting(s) | Aim(s) of the study/research problem(s) | Design and sample/RR | Data collection/analysis | Ethical considerations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chen et al. [19] (2019) | Taiwan; 1 medical center | To examine whether professional qualifications (e.g., age, years of job experience, and position on the clinical ladder) would affect self-reflection and CT in experienced RNs; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; descriptive and correlational; power analysis (effect size=0.3); 597 nurses (297 novice RNs, 300 experienced RNs); RR=96% | Questionnaires were collected in each ward box; questionnaires included: demographic data, Taiwan Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, and Self-Reflection and Insight Scale; partial least squares structural equation modeling | Approval of the IRB |
2 | Zuriguel-Perez et al. [27] (2019) | Spain; medical, surgical, and critical care units at a tertiary care hospital | To identify the level of CT among nurses in clinical practice according to sociodemographic and professional variables; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; a descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study; 339 nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data and Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire; Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test | Approval of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Vall d’Hebron Hospital |
3 | Kim et al. [16] (2018) | Korea; 1 advanced general hospital | To evaluate the effectiveness of a work-based critical reflection program to enhance novice nurses’ clinical CT abilities, communication competency, and job performance; levels of CT; differences between experimental and control groups | Quantitative research; quasi-experimental design; power analysis (effect size=0.5); experimental group (24 novice nurses) and control group (20 novice nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data, Clinical Critical Thinking Skill Test, Global Interpersonal Communication Competency Scale, and performance measurement scale; non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test | Approval of the IRB; informed consent obtained; anonymity and confidentiality assured |
4 | Ludin [21] (2018) | Malaysia; 7 critical care environments in hospitals | To understand whether critical care nurses’ CT disposition affects their clinical decision-making skills; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; cross-sectional study, descriptive; purposive sample; Raosoft sample size calculator; 113 nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data, Malay/English translation of the Short Form-Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese version, and the Clinical Decision-making Nursing Scale; Pearson coefficient correlations; 1-way analysis of variance | Approval of the IRB; anonymity and confidentiality assured |
5 | Zuriguel-Perez et al. [28] (2018) | Spain; 1 tertiary hospital with 3 centers | To analyze the levels of CT among nurse managers and registered nurses and to explore the association between these levels and socio-demographic and occupational factors; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; cross-sectional study; random sample; 44 nurse managers and 295 RNs; RR=100% (nurse managers), RR=98.3% (RNs) | Questionnaires were distributed to nurses in person; questionnaires included: demographic data, Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire; multivariate analysis | Approval of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Vall d’Hebron Hospital; informed consent obtained; anonymity and confidentiality assured |
6 | Jung et al. [17] (2017) | Korea; internal medicine from 4 university hospitals | To develop and test the effects of a scenario-based simulation training program on new graduate nurses' competency, CT dispositions, and interpersonal communication skills; levels of CT | Quantitative research; quasi-experimental design; experimental group (24 new graduate nurses) and control group (24 new graduate nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data, Holistic Nursing Competence Scale, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale; Mann-Whitney U-test | Approval of the Ethics Review Board |
7 | Mahmoud and Mohamed [22] (2017) | Egypt; 3 public hospitals | To investigate CT disposition among nurses working in public hospitals in the Port-Said Governorate; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; descriptive study; random sample; sample size was calculated by Slovin’s formula; 196 nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test per sample value amounted to 0.939, exceeding the significance level of 0.341 that proved the normality of the variable | Verbal consent obtained; confidentiality assured |
8 | Yurdanur [26] (2016) | Turkey; intensive care units in a public hospital | To describe CT dispositions among critical care nurses in Turkey, and to study whether background data had any impact on CT dispositions; level and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; descriptive study; 85 nurses; RR=81% | Face-to-face meetings with the nurses; questionnaires included: demographic data and the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory | Permission obtained from the institution where the research would take place; verbal consent obtained |
9 | Kim et al. [20] (2015) | Korea; acute care units of 4 university hospitals | To examine whether CT mediates the relationship between perceived barriers to research use and evidence-based practice in clinical nurses; antecedents and consequences of CT | Quantitative research; cross-sectional study; power analysis (effect size=0.3) | 420 Questionnaires were mailed to 4 hospitals with instructions to place the completed survey in the provided envelope and to seal it; questionnaires included: demographic data, Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Barriers or Facilitators to Using Research in Practice Scale; Pearson’s correlation coefficients; structural equation modeling | Approval of the IRBs; informed consent obtained |
The sample size was calculated by a theoretical model (n≥200) and population model in structural equation modeling (n≥300); 409 RNs; RR=97.4% | ||||||
10 | Hung et al. [18] (2015) | Taiwan; 1 Taipei city mental healthcare hospital | To share the use of this innovative strategy in continuing education and to examine the effectiveness of problem-based learning on CT; level and antecedents of CT; differences between experimental and control groups | Mixed methods research; quasi-experimental design; purposive sample; randomly allocated to each group; experimental group (22 nurses) and control group (22 nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data and Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; open-ended interview with participants in the experimental group after 5 weeks of a problem-based learning program; quantitative data analysis: paired and unpaired t-test; qualitative data analysis: Colaizzi’s analysis | Approval of the IRB; confidentiality assured |
11 | Hooper [25] (2014) | USA; 1 acute care hospital | To determine if using case studies with videotaped vignettes helped facilitate the development of CT skills in new graduate nurses participating in a nurse residency program | Quasi-experimental design; convenience sample; one group pretest-posttest design; 18 new graduate nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data and Health Sciences Reasoning Test; paired t-test | Approval of the IRB |
12 | Wahl and Thompson [23] (2013) | USA; critical care units | To evaluate the effectiveness of concept mapping as a teaching tool to improve CT and clinical decision-making skills in novice nurses | Quasi-experimental design; convenience sample; one group pretest-posttest design; 31 new graduate nurses | Questionnaires included: self-evaluation tool to measure 5 key indicators of the development of CT: problem recognition, clinical decision-making, prioritization, clinical implementation, and reflection; 1-tailed t-test | Not mentioned |
13 | Zori et al. [24] (2013) | USA; critical care and emergency units | To determine whether a reflective journaling exercise would strengthen the CT dispositions of participants in an RN fellowship program that was designed to transition nurses to practice in critical care and the emergency department | Quasi-experimental design; convenience sample; experimental group (53 nurses) and control group (62 nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; t-test; repeated-measures analysis of variance | Approval of the IRB |
No. | Author (year) | Country/care setting(s) | Aim(s) of the study/research problem(s) | Design and sample/RR | Data collection/analysis | Ethical considerations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chen et al. [19] (2019) | Taiwan; 1 medical center | To examine whether professional qualifications (e.g., age, years of job experience, and position on the clinical ladder) would affect self-reflection and CT in experienced RNs; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; descriptive and correlational; power analysis (effect size=0.3); 597 nurses (297 novice RNs, 300 experienced RNs); RR=96% | Questionnaires were collected in each ward box; questionnaires included: demographic data, Taiwan Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, and Self-Reflection and Insight Scale; partial least squares structural equation modeling | Approval of the IRB |
2 | Zuriguel-Perez et al. [27] (2019) | Spain; medical, surgical, and critical care units at a tertiary care hospital | To identify the level of CT among nurses in clinical practice according to sociodemographic and professional variables; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; a descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study; 339 nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data and Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire; Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test | Approval of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Vall d’Hebron Hospital |
3 | Kim et al. [16] (2018) | Korea; 1 advanced general hospital | To evaluate the effectiveness of a work-based critical reflection program to enhance novice nurses’ clinical CT abilities, communication competency, and job performance; levels of CT; differences between experimental and control groups | Quantitative research; quasi-experimental design; power analysis (effect size=0.5); experimental group (24 novice nurses) and control group (20 novice nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data, Clinical Critical Thinking Skill Test, Global Interpersonal Communication Competency Scale, and performance measurement scale; non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test | Approval of the IRB; informed consent obtained; anonymity and confidentiality assured |
4 | Ludin [21] (2018) | Malaysia; 7 critical care environments in hospitals | To understand whether critical care nurses’ CT disposition affects their clinical decision-making skills; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; cross-sectional study, descriptive; purposive sample; Raosoft sample size calculator; 113 nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data, Malay/English translation of the Short Form-Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese version, and the Clinical Decision-making Nursing Scale; Pearson coefficient correlations; 1-way analysis of variance | Approval of the IRB; anonymity and confidentiality assured |
5 | Zuriguel-Perez et al. [28] (2018) | Spain; 1 tertiary hospital with 3 centers | To analyze the levels of CT among nurse managers and registered nurses and to explore the association between these levels and socio-demographic and occupational factors; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; cross-sectional study; random sample; 44 nurse managers and 295 RNs; RR=100% (nurse managers), RR=98.3% (RNs) | Questionnaires were distributed to nurses in person; questionnaires included: demographic data, Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire; multivariate analysis | Approval of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Vall d’Hebron Hospital; informed consent obtained; anonymity and confidentiality assured |
6 | Jung et al. [17] (2017) | Korea; internal medicine from 4 university hospitals | To develop and test the effects of a scenario-based simulation training program on new graduate nurses' competency, CT dispositions, and interpersonal communication skills; levels of CT | Quantitative research; quasi-experimental design; experimental group (24 new graduate nurses) and control group (24 new graduate nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data, Holistic Nursing Competence Scale, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale; Mann-Whitney U-test | Approval of the Ethics Review Board |
7 | Mahmoud and Mohamed [22] (2017) | Egypt; 3 public hospitals | To investigate CT disposition among nurses working in public hospitals in the Port-Said Governorate; levels and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; descriptive study; random sample; sample size was calculated by Slovin’s formula; 196 nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test per sample value amounted to 0.939, exceeding the significance level of 0.341 that proved the normality of the variable | Verbal consent obtained; confidentiality assured |
8 | Yurdanur [26] (2016) | Turkey; intensive care units in a public hospital | To describe CT dispositions among critical care nurses in Turkey, and to study whether background data had any impact on CT dispositions; level and antecedents of CT | Quantitative research; descriptive study; 85 nurses; RR=81% | Face-to-face meetings with the nurses; questionnaires included: demographic data and the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory | Permission obtained from the institution where the research would take place; verbal consent obtained |
9 | Kim et al. [20] (2015) | Korea; acute care units of 4 university hospitals | To examine whether CT mediates the relationship between perceived barriers to research use and evidence-based practice in clinical nurses; antecedents and consequences of CT | Quantitative research; cross-sectional study; power analysis (effect size=0.3) | 420 Questionnaires were mailed to 4 hospitals with instructions to place the completed survey in the provided envelope and to seal it; questionnaires included: demographic data, Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Barriers or Facilitators to Using Research in Practice Scale; Pearson’s correlation coefficients; structural equation modeling | Approval of the IRBs; informed consent obtained |
The sample size was calculated by a theoretical model (n≥200) and population model in structural equation modeling (n≥300); 409 RNs; RR=97.4% | ||||||
10 | Hung et al. [18] (2015) | Taiwan; 1 Taipei city mental healthcare hospital | To share the use of this innovative strategy in continuing education and to examine the effectiveness of problem-based learning on CT; level and antecedents of CT; differences between experimental and control groups | Mixed methods research; quasi-experimental design; purposive sample; randomly allocated to each group; experimental group (22 nurses) and control group (22 nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data and Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; open-ended interview with participants in the experimental group after 5 weeks of a problem-based learning program; quantitative data analysis: paired and unpaired t-test; qualitative data analysis: Colaizzi’s analysis | Approval of the IRB; confidentiality assured |
11 | Hooper [25] (2014) | USA; 1 acute care hospital | To determine if using case studies with videotaped vignettes helped facilitate the development of CT skills in new graduate nurses participating in a nurse residency program | Quasi-experimental design; convenience sample; one group pretest-posttest design; 18 new graduate nurses | Questionnaires included: demographic data and Health Sciences Reasoning Test; paired t-test | Approval of the IRB |
12 | Wahl and Thompson [23] (2013) | USA; critical care units | To evaluate the effectiveness of concept mapping as a teaching tool to improve CT and clinical decision-making skills in novice nurses | Quasi-experimental design; convenience sample; one group pretest-posttest design; 31 new graduate nurses | Questionnaires included: self-evaluation tool to measure 5 key indicators of the development of CT: problem recognition, clinical decision-making, prioritization, clinical implementation, and reflection; 1-tailed t-test | Not mentioned |
13 | Zori et al. [24] (2013) | USA; critical care and emergency units | To determine whether a reflective journaling exercise would strengthen the CT dispositions of participants in an RN fellowship program that was designed to transition nurses to practice in critical care and the emergency department | Quasi-experimental design; convenience sample; experimental group (53 nurses) and control group (62 nurses) | Questionnaires included: demographic data and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory; t-test; repeated-measures analysis of variance | Approval of the IRB |
RR, response rate; CT, critical thinking; RN, registered nurse; IRB, institutional review board.