Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Definition of professionalism and tools for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice: a systematic review: Huda Dubbai, Barbara-Ann Adelstein, Silas Taylor, Boaz Shulruf; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:22. Published online August 21, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.22

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Purpose
In contemporary pharmacy, the role of pharmacists has become more multifaceted, as they now handle a wider range of tasks and take more responsibility for providing patient care than 20 years ago. This evolution in pharmacists’ responsibilities has been accompanied by the need for pharmacists to display high-quality patient-centred care and counselling, and to demonstrate professionalism, which now needs to be taught and assessed as part of pharmacy education and practice. This study aimed at identifying definitions of professionalism in pharmacy practice and critically evaluating published instruments for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice.
Methods
We searched the medical literature listed in Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. All papers meeting our selection criteria were reviewed and summarised into a clear review of professionalism requirements in pharmacy practice. Details of the instruments measuring professionalism were reviewed in detail.
Results
There is no accepted simple definition of professionalism, although we identified several theoretical and policy frameworks required for professional pharmaceutical practice. We identified 4 instruments (the Behavioural Professionalism Assessment Instrument, Lerkiatbundit’s instrument, the Pharmacy Professionalism Instrument, and the Professionalism Assessment Tool that build on these frameworks and measure professional practice in pharmacy students. These were found to be reliable and valid, but had only been used and tested in student populations.
Conclusion
Given the increasingly broad role of community pharmacists, there is a need for assessments of professionalism in practice. Professionalism is a complex concept that is challenging to measure because it has no standardised definition and the existing literature related to the topic is limited. Currently available instruments focus on measuring the development of the elements of professionalism among pharmacy students, rather than pharmacists.

Citations

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Integrating professional identity formation into experiential pharmacy education and training
Lisa M Richter, Mate M Soric, Michelle L Hilaire, Nancy E Kawahara, Nathaniel Eraikhuemen
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy.2024; 81(1): e49. CrossRef
Perceptions of formal pharmacy leadership on the social role of the profession and its historical evolution: A qualitative study
Fernando de Castro Araújo-Neto, Aline Santana Dosea, Francielly Lima da Fonseca, Thaís Maria Araújo Tavares, Douglas de Menezes Santos, Déborah Mônica Machado Pimentel, Alessandra Rezende Mesquita, Divaldo Pereira de Lyra Jr
Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy.2024; 13: 100405. CrossRef
Dress codes written for dietetics education programs: A Foucauldian discourse analysis
Michele A “Shelly” DeBiasse, Shannon M Peters, Baderha Bujiriri
Feminism & Psychology.2023; 33(2): 276. CrossRef
Preceptor Perceptions of Pharmacy Student Performance Before and After a Curriculum Transformation
Catherine A. Forrester, Da Sol Lee, Ethel Hon, Kai Ying Lim, Tina P. Brock, Daniel T. Malone, Simon G. Furletti, Kayley M. Lyons
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2023; 87(2): ajpe8575. CrossRef
Physicians’ professionalism from the patients’ perspective: a qualitative study at a single-family practice in Saudi Arabia
Eiad AlFaris, Farhana Irfan, Noura Abouammoh, Nasriah Zakaria, Abdullah MA Ahmed, Omar Kasule, Dina M Aldosari, Nora A AlSahli, Mohammed Ghatar Alshibani, Gominda Ponnamperuma
BMC Medical Ethics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Behaviours that contribute to pharmacist professionalism: a scoping review
Deanna Mill, Amy Theresa Page, Jacinta Johnson, Renae Lloyd, Sandra Salter, Kenneth Lee, Liza Seubert, Rhonda Marise Clifford, Danielle D’Lima
BMJ Open.2023; 13(6): e070265. CrossRef
Estamos preparando os futuros médicos para atendimentos de situações de violência com enfoque em gênero e em sexualidades não heterossexuais? Relato de uma “experiência” educacional diagnóstica
Beatriz Angélica Cruz, Ana Flávia Azevedo Querichelli, Lucas Uback, Alba Regina de Abreu Lima, Júlio César André
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Are we preparing future doctors for assistance in situations of violence with a focus on gender and non-heterosexual sexualities? Report of a diagnostic educational “experience”
Beatriz Angélica Cruz, Ana Flávia Azevedo Querichelli, Lucas Uback, Alba Regina de Abreu Lima, Júlio César André
Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the “Modification of Hall’s professionalism scale for use with pharmacists”
Fernando de Castro Araújo Neto, Thaís Maria Araújo Tavares, Douglas de Menezes Santos, Francielly Lima da Fonseca, Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto de Araújo, Alessandra Rezende Mesquita, Divaldo Pereira de Lyra
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Professional tress code: I look like a pharmacist
Natalie Rosario, Joshua Wollen
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association.2022; 62(2): 424. CrossRef
Exploration of changes in pharmacy students’ perceptions of and attitudes towards professionalism: outcome of a community pharmacy experiential learning programme in Taiwan
Yen-Ming Huang, Hsun-Yu Chan, Ping-Ing Lee, Yun-Wen Tang, Ta-Wei Chiou, Karin C.S. Chen Liu, Yunn-Fang Ho
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical students’ self-evaluation of character, and method of character education
Yera Hur, Sanghee Yeo, Keumho Lee
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Professionalism development and assessment in the pre-registration pharmacist placement in England: transformative moments and maturation periods
Helen Ireland, Julie Sowter, Rebecca O’Rourke
International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.2022; 30(4): 367. CrossRef
Tatted not tattered
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Journal of the American Pharmacists Association.2022; 62(5): 1538. CrossRef
Evaluation of an Instrument to Assess Students’ Personal and Professional Development During the Faculty Advising Process
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American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2021; 85(3): 8201. CrossRef
Pharmacists’ clinical knowledge and practice in the safe use of contraceptives: real knowledge vs. self-perception and the implications
Ana Golić Jelić, Ljiljana Tasić, Ranko Škrbić, Valentina Marinković, Svjetlana Stoisavljević Šatara, Nataša Stojaković, Vanda Marković Peković, Brian Godman
BMC Medical Education.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Junior doctors’ preparedness to prescribe, monitor, and treat patients with the antibiotic vancomycin in an Australian teaching hospital: Cameron J Phillips, Ross A McKinnon, Richard J Woodman, David L Gordon; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:13. Published online June 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.13

39,237 View
287 Download
12 Web of Science
10 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
We aimed to assess the preparedness of junior doctors to use vancomycin, and to determine whether attending an educational session and being provided pocket guidelines were associated with self-reported confidence and objective knowledge.
Methods
This was a 2-component cross-sectional study. A 60-minute educational session was implemented and pocket guidelines were provided. Preparedness was evaluated by a self-reported confidence survey in the early and late stages of each training year, and by continuing medical education (CME) knowledge scores.
Results
Self-confidence was higher among those later in the training year (n=75) than in those earlier (n=120) in the year for all questions. In the late group, vancomycin education was associated with higher self-confidence regarding the frequency of therapeutic drug monitoring (P=0.02) and dose amendment (P=0.05); however, the confidence for initial monitoring was lower (P<0.05). Those with pocket guidelines were more confident treating patients with vancomycin (P<0.001), choosing initial (P=0.01) and maintenance doses (P<0.001), and knowing the monitoring frequency (P=0.03). The 85 respondents who completed the knowledge assessment scored a mean±standard deviation of 8.55±1.55 on 10 questions, and the interventions had no significant effect.
Conclusion
Attending an educational session and possessing pocket guidelines were associated with preparedness, as measured by higher self-reported confidence using vancomycin. High knowledge scores were attained following CME; however attending an educational session or possessing pocket guidelines did not significantly increase the knowledge scores. Our findings support providing educational sessions and pocket guidelines to increase self-confidence in prescribing vancomycin, yet also highlight the importance of evaluating content, format, and delivery when seeking to improve preparedness to use vancomycin through education.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessment and evaluation of prescribing competences: A systematic review and recommendations
John C. McLachlan, Asa Auta, Aderonke Ajiboye
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Awareness, perception, and barriers of healthcare providers toward the revised consensus guideline for therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin
Sarah S. Alghanem, Abdullah Albassam, Nwayer Al-Rashidi, Zainab Bin Haidar
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.2023; 31(6): 955. CrossRef
Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship to reduce antimicrobial drug resistance
Mohammed S Razzaque
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2021; 19(5): 559. CrossRef
Are vancomycin dosing guidelines followed? A mixed methods study of vancomycin prescribing practices
Jane E. Carland, Sophie L. Stocker, Melissa T. Baysari, Crystal Li, Jacqueline Själin, Maria A. Moran, Sarah Tang, Indy Sandaradura, Tania Elhage, Timothy Gilbey, Kenneth M. Williams, Deborah J. E. Marriott, Richard O. Day
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2021; 87(11): 4221. CrossRef
Evaluation of Eight-Item Vancomycin Prescribing Confidence Questionnaire Among Junior Doctors
Lu Liu, Zhehan Jiang, Ana Xie, Weimin Wang
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The knowledge and perceptions regarding antibiotic stewardship of the interns rotating at the Bloemfontein Academic Complex
Anke Archer, Marna Blom, Renette de Lange, Esther Jansen van Vuuren, Theunis E Kellerman, Samantha Potgieter, Gina Joubert
South African Family Practice.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Ist die Fachrichtung assoziiert mit der Selbstsicherheit im Umgang mit rationaler Antibiotikaverordnung?
F. Schneider, C. M. Schulz, M. May, G. Schneider, M. Jacob, H. Mutlak, M. Pawlik, M. Zoller, M. Kretzschmar, C. Koch, M. G. Kees, M. Burger, S. Lebentrau, A. Novotny, M. Hübler, T. Koch, M. Heim
Der Anaesthesist.2020; 69(3): 162. CrossRef
The association of the anesthesiologist’s academic and educational status with self-confidence, self-rated knowledge and objective knowledge in rational antibiotic application
Frederick Schneider, Christian M. Schulz, Matthias May, Gerhard Schneider, Christian Ernst, Matthias Jacob, Kai Zacharowski, Thomas Hachenberg, Maren Schmidt, Moritz Kretzschmar, Bernhard Graf, Martin G. Kees, Michael Pawlik, Michael Sander, Christian Koc
BMC Research Notes.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Rational application of antibiotics—The influence of anaesthetists’ gender on self‐confidence and knowledge
Markus Heim, Frederick Schneider, Haitham Mutlak, Christian M. Schulz, Thomas Hachenberg, Michael Zoller, Jens Soukup, Michael Pawlik, Julika Schön, Martin Kees, Matthias Hübler, Michael Sander, Christian Ernst, Matthias Jacob, Matthias May
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.2019; 63(8): 1037. CrossRef
Sustained improvement in vancomycin dosing and monitoring post-implementation of guidelines: Results of a three-year follow-up after a multifaceted intervention in an Australian teaching hospital
Cameron J. Phillips, Ross A. McKinnon, Richard J. Woodman, David L. Gordon
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.2018; 24(2): 103. CrossRef

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