Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Development of a character qualities test for medical students in Korea using polytomous item response theory and factor analysis: a preliminary scale development study: Yera Hur, Dong Gi Seo; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:20. Published online June 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.20

1,298 View
101 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to develop a test scale to measure the character qualities of medical students as a follow-up study on the 8 core character qualities revealed in a previous report.
Methods
In total, 160 preliminary items were developed to measure 8 core character qualities. Twenty questions were assigned to each quality, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among 856 students in 5 medical schools in Korea. Using the partial credit model, polytomous item response theory analysis was carried out to analyze the goodness-of-fit, followed by exploratory factor analysis. Finally, confirmatory factor and reliability analyses were conducted with the final selected items.
Results
The preliminary items for the 8 core character qualities were administered to the participants. Data from 767 students were included in the final analysis. Of the 160 preliminary items, 25 were removed by classical test theory analysis and 17 more by polytomous item response theory assessment. A total of 118 items and sub-factors were selected for exploratory factor analysis. Finally, 79 items were selected, and the validity and reliability were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and intra-item relevance analysis.
Conclusion
The character qualities test scale developed through this study can be used to measure the character qualities corresponding to the educational goals and visions of individual medical schools in Korea. Furthermore, this measurement tool can serve as primary data for developing character qualities tools tailored to each medical school’s vision and educational goals.

Self-care perspective taking and empathy in a student-faculty book club in the United States: Rebecca Henderson, Melanie Gross Hagen, Zareen Zaidi, Valentina Dunder, Edlira Maska, Ying Nagoshi; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:22. Published online July 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.22

7,208 View
172 Download
7 Web of Science
7 Crossref

Purpose
We aimed to study the impact of a combined faculty-student book club on education and medical practice as a part of the informal curriculum at the University of Florida College of Medicine in the United States.
Methods
Sixteen medical students and 7 faculties who participated in the book club were interviewed through phone and recorded. The interview was then transcribed and entered into the qualitative data analysis program QSR NVivo (QSR International, Burlington, MA, USA). The transcripts were reviewed, and thematic codes were developed inductively through collaborative iteration. Based on these preliminary codes, a coding dictionary was developed and applied to all interviews within QSR Nvivo to identify themes.
Results
Four main themes were identified from interviews: The first theme, the importance of literature to the development and maintenance of empathy and perspective-taking, and the second theme, the importance of the book club in promoting mentorship, personal relationships and professional development, were important to both student and faculty participants. The third and fourth themes, the need for the book club as a tool for self-care and the book club serving as a reminder about the world outside of school were discussed by student book club members.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that an informal book club has a significant positive impact on self-care, perspective-taking, empathy, and developing a “world outside of school” for medical school students and faculty in the United States. It also helps to foster meaningful relationships between students and faculty.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Student-faculty dialogue: meaningful perspective taking on campus
Tee R. Tyler
Social Work With Groups.2024; 47(2): 165. CrossRef
Clubes de lectura: una revisión sistemática internacional de estudios (2010-2022)
Carmen Álvarez-Álvarez, Julián Pascual Díez
Literatura: teoría, historia, crítica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The implementation of a required book club for medical students and faculty
David B. Ney, Nethra Ankam, Anita Wilson, John Spandorfer
Medical Education Online.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cultivating critical consciousness through a Global Health Book Club
Sarah L. Collins, Stuart J. Case, Alexandra K. Rodriguez, Acquel C. Allen, Elizabeth A. Wood
Frontiers in Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancing book clubs as non-formal learning to facilitate critical public pedagogy in organizations
Robin S Grenier, Jamie L Callahan, Kristi Kaeppel, Carole Elliott
Management Learning.2022; 53(3): 483. CrossRef
Not Just for Patrons: Book Club Participation as Professional Development for Librarians
Laila M. Brown, Valerie Brett Shaindlin
The Library Quarterly.2021; 91(4): 420. CrossRef
Medical Students’ Creation of Original Poetry, Comics, and Masks to Explore Professional Identity Formation
Johanna Shapiro, Juliet McMullin, Gabriella Miotto, Tan Nguyen, Anju Hurria, Minh Anh Nguyen
Journal of Medical Humanities.2021; 42(4): 603. CrossRef

Impact of a narrative medicine program on reflective capacity and empathy of medical students in Iran: Saeideh Daryazadeh, Payman Adibi, Nikoo Yamani, Roya Mollabashi; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:3. Published online January 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.3

8,807 View
265 Download
18 Web of Science
17 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Narrative medicine consists of the expression of medical experiences and the reflection on narratives to foster empathic communication with patients. Reflecting on narratives increases self-awareness and recognition of the feelings of the narrator or the story’s main character, which in turn affects the audience. This study was conducted to examine the impact of a narrative medicine program on the reflective capacity and empathy of medical students.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study was performed during the 2018–2019 academic year at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran involving 135 medical interns in 2 groups (control [n=66] and experimental [n=69]). Interns in the experimental group took part in seven 2-hour reflective practice sessions, while those in the control group underwent no educational intervention. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted for both groups using 2 valid and reliable tools for the assessment of reflective capacity and empathy. Mean reflection and empathy scores were compared within groups (between pre- and post-test values) and between groups (using the paired-t test and the t-test; P≤0.05).
Results
The mean reflection and empathy scores of the experimental group significantly increased from pre-test to post-test, but those of the control group did not. Moreover, the mean post-test scores were significantly different between the 2 groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Narrative medicine is an effective teaching method that can improve reflective capacity and empathy, thereby ultimately promoting professionalism as a core competency in medicine. Consideration of learning conditions and interdisciplinary teaching are necessary for implementing a narrative medicine program.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Harnessing the Humanities to Foster Staff Resilience: An Annual Arts and Humanities Rounds at a Children’s Hospital
Wynne Morrison, Elizabeth Steinmiller, Sofia Lizza, Todd Dillard, Patrick Lipawen, Stephen Ludwig
Journal of Medical Humanities.2024; 45(1): 113. CrossRef
Development and psychometric testing of the narrative nursing teaching effectiveness scale: A methodological study
Yonglin Li, Meilian Lin, Xiujing Lin, Qiuhong Chen, Fangfang Wang, Weiti Chen, Feifei Huang
Nurse Education Today.2024; 133: 106060. CrossRef
Narrative medicine as a teaching strategy for nursing students to developing professionalism, empathy and humanistic caring ability: a randomized controlled trial
Mengxin Xue, Huiping Sun, Jin Xue, Jingxin Zhou, Junchao Qu, Siqi Ji, Yuan Bu, Yongbing Liu
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of narrative pedagogy in developing nursing undergraduates’ humanistic care ability for hospitalized children: A mixed-method study
Fang Liu, Yanbin Yang, Hengyu Zhou, Lin Mo, Hongyao Leng, Cui Cui
Heliyon.2023; 9(4): e15499. CrossRef
Enhancing Clinical Empathy in Medical Education: A Review of Current Strategies and Future Directions
Georgios Karnesis, Rama Sai P, Cyrus Parsa, Chaya Prasad
Medical Journal of Southern California Clinicians.2023; : 6. CrossRef
Narrative Education Combined With Experiential Teaching in the Development of Empathic Competence of Undergraduate Nursing Students: Pre-Test Post-Test Design
Zi-Yun Zhou, Long-Yi Hu, Ming-Li Wang, Le-Shan Zhou
SAGE Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical Humanities in Undergraduate Psychiatry Teaching: Learner Assessment and Mediators of Better Learning Outcomes
Arvind Rajagopalan, Qian Hui Chew, Kang Sim
Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Experiential methods in ethical education of nursing and midwifery students
Bogumiła Kosicka, Patrycja Ozdoba, Magdalena Dziurka, Sylwia Boczkowska, Michał Machul, Agnieszka Chrzan-Rodak, Beata Dobrowolska
Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century.2023; 22(3): 195. CrossRef
Educational efficacy of medical humanities in empathy of medical students and healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xin Zhang, Hui-fang Pang, Zhiguang Duan
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Empathy, personality traits, and emotional management in 2nd and 4th-year dentistry students: a single-center study
Christian Lermen, Willi Wetzel, Vanessa Britz, Jasmina Sterz, Wolf O Bechstein, Teresa Schreckenbach
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Challenges of Implementing the First Narrative Medicine Course for Teaching Professionalism in Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Saeideh Daryazadeh, Payman Adibi, Nikoo Yamani
Educational Research in Medical Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Historical empathy and medicine: Pathography and empathy in Sophocles’ Philoctetes
Vassiliki Kampourelli
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy.2022; 25(3): 561. CrossRef
The effects of narrative pedagogy on increasing nursing students' willingness to practice older people care: A mixed-methods research
Pei-Ti Hsu, Jeu-Jung Chen, Ya-Fang Ho
Nurse Education in Practice.2022; 62: 103356. CrossRef
Finding the Story in Medicine
Elizabeth Fenstermacher, Regina M. Longley, Hermioni L. Amonoo
Psychiatric Clinics of North America.2021; 44(2): 263. CrossRef
How does narrative medicine impact medical trainees’ learning of professionalism? A qualitative study
Chien-Da Huang, Chang-Chyi Jenq, Kuo-Chen Liao, Shu-Chung Lii, Chi-Hsien Huang, Tsai-Yu Wang
BMC Medical Education.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Educational Interventions and Their Impact on Empathy and Compassion of Undergraduate Medical Students
Prianna Menezes, Salman Y. Guraya, Shaista Salman Guraya
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
An introduction to narrative medicine
Matthew Krinock, Nicole Defenbaugh, Stephen DeTurk, AnnaNg Pellegrino
International Journal of Academic Medicine.2020; 6(2): 121. CrossRef

The effects of an empathy role-playing program for operating room nursing students in Iran: Negin Larti, Elaheh Ashouri, Akram Aarabi; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:29. Published online December 13, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.29

27,126 View
516 Download
27 Web of Science
27 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a role-playing training program conducted among operating room nursing students on empathetic communication with patients through measurements of empathy scores.
Methods
This study was carried out among 77 operating room nursing students from the first to the fourth years studying at the School of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017–2018. The intervention administered to the experimental group included a 12-hour training program on expressing empathy to patients that incorporated roleplaying. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession Student version was completed by the participants before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. A comparative analysis of these 3 time points was conducted.
Results
No significant difference was found in the total pre-intervention mean empathy scores before the intervention between the control group and the experimental group (P= 0.50). However, the total mean empathy scores in the experimental group immediately after and 1 month after the intervention were higher than those in the control group (P< 0.001).
Conclusion
Empathy training through a role-playing technique was effective at improving the empathy scores of operating room nursing students, and this finding also underscores the fact that empathy can be promoted by education. Changing the educational curriculum of operating room nursing students is suggested in order to familiarize them with the concept of empathy in the operating room.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mock court: a valuable tool to teach legal procedures to undergraduate medical students
Benjy Tom Varughese, Daniel Manoj, Antony L Arakkal, Latif Rajesh Johnson, Ranjit Immanuel James
International Journal of Legal Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Opinions and experiences of operating room nurse on ethical sensitivity: a phenomenological study
Sevda Uzun, Nurşen Kulakaç, Mehmet Çağatay Boyraz
Current Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Responding to crises: rewilding accounting education for the Anthropocene
Lisa Powell, Nicholas McGuigan
Meditari Accountancy Research.2023; 31(1): 101. CrossRef
Attitudes towards Communication in Nursing Students and Nurses: Are Social Skills and Emotional Intelligence Important?
Lucía Sanchis-Giménez, Laura Lacomba-Trejo, Vicente Prado-Gascó, María del Carmen Giménez-Espert
Healthcare.2023; 11(8): 1119. CrossRef
A guide for utilizing gestalt, critical, and humanistic theories to transform pathophysiology instruction in nursing
Anne M. Fink, Hagar Hallihan
Teaching and Learning in Nursing.2023; 18(4): e250. CrossRef
Development and Effectiveness of an End-of-Life Care Program for Faculty in the Critical Care Field
Yoko Tamura, Chika Nishiyama, Sayaka Takenouchi, Ryuhei Sato, Kosuke Kiyohara, Kazuko Nin
Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2023; 25(4): 178. CrossRef
Beyond scientific and technical training: Assessing the relevance of empathy and assertiveness in future physiotherapists: A cross‐sectional study
Juan‐Elicio Hernández‐Xumet, Alfonso‐Miguel García‐Hernández, Jerónimo‐Pedro Fernández‐González, Cristo‐Manuel Marrero‐González
Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Emotion, Ethics, and Military Virtues
Mitt Regan, Kevin Mullaney
Journal of Military Ethics.2023; 22(3-4): 256. CrossRef
Operating room nurses' experience about patient cares for laparotomy surgeries: A phenomenological study
Maryam Bastami, Behzad Imani, Moghadari Koosha
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2022; 11(4): 1282. CrossRef
Analysis of the Effect of Holistic Nursing in the Operating Room Based on PDCA and Evidence-Based Nursing in the Otorhinolaryngology Operating Room: Based on a Retrospective Case-Control Study
Leina Bian, Jianhua Li, Wang Li, Xiaoyan Hu, Ming Dai, Yuvaraja Teekaraman
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
The Role of Establishing Neurosurgical Specialist Nurse Working Group in the Recovery and Prevention of Negative Psychological Emotion after Meningioma Surgery
Zhen Luo, Qiaoyu Yang, Min Tang, Chaofeng Fan, Yuvaraja Teekaraman
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Use of Alternative Methodologies in Veterinary Medicine Learning and Acceptance of Students
Pablo-Jesús Marín-García, Lola Llobat
Education Sciences.2022; 12(7): 476. CrossRef
First-year nursing students’ initial contact with the clinical learning environment: impacts on their empathy levels and perceptions of professional identity
Qinghua Wang, Xiaohong Cao, Tianjiao Du
BMC Nursing.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Mediating effect of workplace violence on the relationship between empathy and professional identity among nursing students
Liping Wang, Haiyang Li, Qiongni Chen, Chunhua Fang, Lifang Cao, Li Zhu
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Teaching empathy in healthcare: an integrative review
José Antonio Cordero da Silva, Cristiane Guerreiro Pereira Abdul Massih, Daniele Azevedo Valente, Danielle Ferreira de Souza, Magda Regiane Lima de Carvalho Monteiro, Raiza Morais Rodrigues
Revista Bioética.2022; 30(4): 715. CrossRef
Enseñar empatía en salud: una revisión integradora
José Antonio Cordero da Silva, Cristiane Guerreiro Pereira Abdul Massih, Daniele Azevedo Valente, Danielle Ferreira de Souza, Magda Regiane Lima de Carvalho Monteiro, Raiza Morais Rodrigues
Revista Bioética.2022; 30(4): 715. CrossRef
Ensino da empatia em saúde: revisão integrativa
José Antonio Cordero da Silva, Cristiane Guerreiro Pereira Abdul Massih, Daniele Azevedo Valente, Danielle Ferreira de Souza, Magda Regiane Lima de Carvalho Monteiro, Raiza Morais Rodrigues
Revista Bioética.2022; 30(4): 715. CrossRef
Effectiveness of simulation-based interventions at improving empathy among healthcare students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Joelle Yan Xin Chua, Emily Ang, Siew Tiang Lydia Lau, Shefaly Shorey
Nurse Education Today.2021; 104: 105000. CrossRef
Experience in organizing the training of doctors to provide emergency care in a simulation center
S. I. Chistyakov, A. Yu. Smorkalov, O. V. Gorokh, A. A. Pevnev
Virtual Technologies in Medicine.2021; (1): 26. CrossRef
Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan
Ellen E. Lee, Tushara Govind, Marina Ramsey, Tsung Chin Wu, Rebecca Daly, Jinyuan Liu, Xin M. Tu, Martin P. Paulus, Michael L. Thomas, Dilip V. Jeste
Translational Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of communication education provided with creative drama method on midwifery undergraduate
Arzu Kul Uçtu, Nazan Karahan
European Journal of Midwifery.2021; 5(September): 1. CrossRef
Decline in empathy levels and sex differences in medical students from the Caribbean
Eugenia Smirna González-Díaz, María Guadalupe Silva-Vetri, Patricia Díaz-Calzadilla, Aracelis Calzadilla-Núñez, Alejandro Reyes-Reyes, Víctor Patricio Díaz-Narváez
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina.2021; 69(4): e86227. CrossRef
Outcomes of Randomized Clinical Trials of Interventions to Enhance Social, Emotional, and Spiritual Components of Wisdom
Ellen E. Lee, Katherine J. Bangen, Julie A. Avanzino, BaiChun Hou, Marina Ramsey, Graham Eglit, Jinyuan Liu, Xin M. Tu, Martin Paulus, Dilip V. Jeste
JAMA Psychiatry.2020; 77(9): 925. CrossRef
Family-centered practice in nursing education
Tahani Casameni Montiel, Andrea Ancer Leal, Nicole Baltazar
Nursing.2020; 50(7): 61. CrossRef
Comparing Empathy Levels in Doctor of Pharmacy Students and Exemplary Pharmacist Preceptors
Charlene R. Williams, Philip T. Rodgers, Jacqueline E. McLaughlin, Thomas A. Angelo, Greene Shepherd
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2020; 84(3): 7497. CrossRef
Assessing the effect of empathy-enhancing interventions in health education and training: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Rachel Winter, Eyad Issa, Nia Roberts, Robert I Norman, Jeremy Howick
BMJ Open.2020; 10(9): e036471. CrossRef
Effects of an Educational Film About Body Donors on Students' Empathy and Anxiety Levels in Gross Anatomy
Julia Iaconisi, Friederike Hasselblatt, Benjamin Mayer, Michael Schoen, Tobias Maria Böckers, Anja Böckers
Anatomical Sciences Education.2019; 12(4): 386. CrossRef

Clinical empathy in medical students in India measured using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Student Version: Anirban Chatterjee, Rajkrishna Ravikumar, Satendra Singh, Pranjal Singh Chauhan, Manu Goel; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:33. Published online December 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.33

33,230 View
446 Download
36 Web of Science
32 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical empathy of a cohort of medical students spanning 4 years of undergraduate study and to identify factors associated with empathy.
Methods
A cross-sectional study to assess the empathy of undergraduate medical students at the University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital in Delhi, India, was conducted using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Student Version. Demographic data were obtained using a pre-tested, semi-open-ended questionnaire.
Results
Of the 600 students, 418 participated in the survey (69.7%). The mean empathy score was 96.01 (of a maximum of 140), with a standard deviation of 14.56. The empathy scores decreased from the first to the third semester, plateaued at the fifth semester, and rose again in the seventh semester. Empathy was found to be significantly associated with the gender of the participant, with females having higher scores (P<0.001). The age of the participant, place of residence, whose decision it was for the student to enroll in an MBBS (bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery) program, and the choice of future specialty were not significantly associated with students’ empathy scores.
Conclusion
The study found significant gender differences in empathy among the participants. The empathy scores tended to decline initially and then rebound over time. The mean empathy levels found in this study are lower than those reported in most similar studies around the world; therefore, further studies are needed to analyze and address the underlying factors associated with this discrepancy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Level of Empathy Among Medical Students at the University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Omnia S El Seifi, Amal A Alenazi, Asmaa M Alfuhaymani, Alshaymaa A Alanazi, Omayrah A Alanazi, Lama A Alanazi, Nouf M Albalawi, Fatima S Alharbi, Dhuha A ALQasir
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Ebe ve Hemşirelerin Empati Becerileri ile Kültürlerarası İletişimleri Arasındaki İlişki
Aynur ERÇEK KARCI, Selma ŞEN
İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 9(1): 19. CrossRef
The Greek Jefferson Scale of Empathy—Medical Student Version (JSE-S): Psychometric Properties and Its Associated Factors
Polychronis Voultsos, Petros Galanis, Marianna-Foteini A. Dafni, Venetia-Sofia Velonaki, Georgia-Neta Andreou, Leda Kovatsi
Behavioral Sciences.2024; 14(3): 195. CrossRef
Empathy in family medicine postgraduate education: A mixed studies systematic review
David Ortiz-Paredes, Peterson Adam Henet, Martin Desseilles, Charo Rodríguez
Medical Teacher.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Trends of Change in Empathy Among Indian Medical Students: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study
Gayatri Bhatia, Jyoti V. Shetty
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine.2023; 45(2): 162. CrossRef
Eleven years of data on the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – medical student version: Japanese norm data and tentative cutoff scores
Hitomi U. Kataoka, Akiko Tokinobu, Chikako Fujii, Mayu Watanabe, Mikako Obika
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Improved Understanding of Learning Characteristics among International Students in Post-Baccalaureate Medical Education for Sustainable Development
Hsiang-Chin Hsu, Tzu-Ching Sung
Sustainability.2023; 15(9): 7631. CrossRef
Clinical Empathy and Its Correlates Among Indian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study of Bihar
Kritika Tiwari, Neeraj Agarwal, Sanjay Pandey
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factor structure of the Jefferson Scale for Empathy among medical undergraduates from South India
Samir Kumar Praharaj, Santosh Salagre, Podila Sathya Venkata Narasimha Sharma
Indian Journal of Psychiatry.2023; 65(7): 755. CrossRef
Empathy levels among undergraduate medical students in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Masooma Naseem, Burhanuddin Tahir, Afia Salman, Sara Qadir, Rida Farhan, Sajjad Ali, Zehra Naseem, Warda Ahmed, Mahfuza Anan
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(8): 3858. CrossRef
Perceived leadership quality and empathy among Indian undergraduate medical students
Himel Mondal, Sachin Soni, ManasRanjan Sahoo, Shaikat Mondal, Koushik Saha, Biswajit Maharana, Bhagyajyoti Priyadarshini, JoshilKumar Behera
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2023; 12(1): 321. CrossRef
The integrated curriculum and student empathy: a longitudinal multi-cohort analysis
Christiane R. Herber-Valdez, Julie A. Blow, Tammy T. Salazar, Kathryn V. Horn, Dyanne G. Herrera, Naomi L. Lacy, Lisa Beinhoff, J. Manuel de la Rosa
Advances in Health Sciences Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Rules, Responsibility, and Empathy in Maternity Hospitals: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Zahra Shahvari, Parastou Yousefali, Reihaneh Firoozikhojastefar
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between medical students’ empathy and burnout levels by gender and study years
Hyoung Seok Shin, Hyunmi Park, Young-Mee Lee
Patient Education and Counseling.2022; 105(2): 432. CrossRef
Empathy, personality traits, and emotional management in 2nd and 4th-year dentistry students: a single-center study
Christian Lermen, Willi Wetzel, Vanessa Britz, Jasmina Sterz, Wolf O Bechstein, Teresa Schreckenbach
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A quantitative evaluation of empathy using JSE-S Tool, before and after a Medical Humanities Module, amongst first-year medical students in Nepal
Krishna Bahadur G. C., Amit Arjyal, Amanda Helen Douglas, Madhusudan Subedi, Rajesh Gongal
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Reliability of Greek version of the Toronto empathy questionnaire in medical students and associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors
Polychronis Voultsos, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Angeliki Papana, Aspasia Deliligka
BMC Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Perfectionism and Resilience on Empathy in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Wardah Rafaqat, Ashmal Sami, Muhammad Talal Ibrahim, Hamza Ibad, Sheharbano Awais, Ayesha Memon, Fatima Farrukh Shahbaz, Daniyaal Ahmed, Shahzaib Zindani, Abdul Lateef Leghari, Sarah Saleem
Journal of Patient Experience.2022; 9: 237437352211066. CrossRef
Humanitarian approach in medicine: A study on clinical empathy among medical students and graduates using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy
VEDI NEERAJ, PUJA DULLOO, DEEPAK SHARMA, PRAVEEN SINGH
The National Medical Journal of India.2022; 35: 100. CrossRef
Project DABE: Empathy among Spanish Medical Students
Joaquín García-Estañ, Diego Flores-Funes, Patricia Capdevila-Gaudens, J. Miguel García-Abajo, Mila García-Barbero
Educación Médica.2022; 23(6): 100769. CrossRef
Measurement of empathy among health professionals during Syrian crisis using the Syrian empathy scale
Mayssoon Dashash, Mounzer Boubou
BMC Medical Education.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Stigma, Empathy, and Attitude (SEA) educational module for medical students to improve the knowledge and attitude towards persons with mental illness
Samir Kumar Praharaj, Santosh Salagre, Podila S.V.N. Sharma
Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2021; 65: 102834. CrossRef
Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude and Empathy Levels of Dental Postgraduates Towards Their Patients During Practice and Research—A Questionnaire Based Survey
P Mohan Kumar, D Praveen, G Praveen, P Arun Bhupathi, M Ravi Kanth, KS Uloopi
Journal of Patient Experience.2021; 8: 237437352110565. CrossRef
Civic-Mindedness Sustains Empathy in a Cohort of Physical Therapy Students: A Pilot Cohort Study
Kerstin M Palombaro, Jill D Black, Robin L Dole, Sidney A Jones, Alexander R Stewart
Journal of Patient Experience.2020; 7(2): 185. CrossRef
Revisiting the trajectory of medical students’ empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review
Freja Allerelli Andersen, Ann-Sofie Bering Johansen, Jens Søndergaard, Christina Maar Andersen, Elisabeth Assing Hvidt
BMC Medical Education.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Empathy amongst dental students: An institutional cross‐sectional survey in Poland and Croatia
Ivana Brekalo Prso, Katarzyna Mocny‐Pachońska, Agata Trzcionka, Sonja Pezelj‐Ribaric, Ema Paljevic, Marta Tanasiewicz, Romana Persic Bukmir
European Journal of Dental Education.2020; 24(4): 687. CrossRef
Medical Students’ Empathy Level Differences by Medical Year, Gender, and Specialty Interest in Akdeniz University
Özge Akgün, Melahat Akdeniz, Ethem Kavukcu, Hasan Hüseyin Avcı
Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2020; 7: 238212052094065. CrossRef
Developing Humanistic Competencies Within the Competency-Based Curriculum
Satendra Singh, Upreet Dhaliwal, Navjeevan Singh
Indian Pediatrics.2020; 57(11): 1060. CrossRef
Anecdote or Reality: Are People From the South and/or Rural Areas of the USA More Empathetic?
Vanessa P. Nguyen, Bruce W. Newton
Medical Science Educator.2019; 29(1): 277. CrossRef
Is empathy change in medical school geo‐socioculturally influenced?
Gominda Ponnamperuma, Su Ping Yeo, Dujeepa D Samarasekera
Medical Education.2019; 53(7): 655. CrossRef
Measuring empathy in a group of South African undergraduate medical students using the student version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy
Elize Archer, Roseanne Turner
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Empathy, burnout, life satisfaction, correlations and associated socio-demographic factors among Chinese undergraduate medical students: an exploratory cross-sectional study
Qinghua Wang, Lie Wang, Meng Shi, Xuelian Li, Rong Liu, Jie Liu, Min Zhu, Huazhang Wu
BMC Medical Education.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Research Article

Reflective writing and its impact on empathy in medical education: systematic review: Isabel Chen, Connor Forbes; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2014;11:20. Published online August 16, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.20

45,493 View
451 Download
79 Web of Science
70 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Medical schools are increasingly aware of the ways in which physician empathy can have a profound impact on patients’ lives and have developed humanities initiatives to address this concern. Reflective writing in particular is more commonly promoted in medical curricula, but there is limited research on the impact of reflective writing on medical student empathy levels. It aims to find the emotional effects of reflective writing interventions on medical and healthcare students by systemic review. Methods: Two investigators independently reviewed educational publications for critical analysis. This review focused systematically on quantitative papers that measure the impact of reflective writing on empathy. Results: Of the 1,032 studies found on Medline and CINAHL, only 8 used quantitative measures pre- and postwritten reflection to measure any impact on empathy outcomes. The outcomes measured included impact of reflective writing exercises on student wellness, aptitude, and/or clinical skills. Of these studies, a significant change in student empathy was observed in 100% of the studies, demonstrating a significant change in outcomes. Conclusion: Although the lack of homogeneity in outcome measurement in the literature limits possible conclusion from this review, the overwhelmingly positive reporting of outcomes suggests that reflective writing should be considered in any medical curriculum.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of reflective writing skill on emotional quotient
Swapnali S. Kadam, Shilpa K. Kolhe, Vrushali V. Kulkarni, Poorva A. Sule
Medical Journal Armed Forces India.2024; 80(2): 205. CrossRef
Can storytelling of women’s lived experience enhance empathy in medical students? A pilot intervention study
Parimala Kanagasabai, Judy Ormandy, Sara Filoche, Claire Henry, Sarah Te Whaiti, Robin Willink, Tehmina Gladman, Rebecca Grainger
Medical Teacher.2024; 46(2): 219. CrossRef
A narrative analysis of clerkship reflections: Medical student identity development in a changing world
Mahino A. Talib, Richard E. Greene, Abigail Ford Winkel
The Clinical Teacher.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Communication and empathy of nursing students in patient care through telenursing: A comparative cross-sectional study
Lorena Gutiérrez-Puertas, Vanesa Gutiérrez-Puertas, Blanca Ortiz-Rodríguez, Gabriel Aguilera-Manrique, Verónica V. Márquez-Hernández
Nurse Education Today.2024; 133: 106048. CrossRef
Promoting health education through collaborative writing sessions in the Dominican Republic
Helena J Chapman, Bienvenido A Veras-Estévez
Health Education Journal.2024; 83(1): 95. CrossRef
Exploring medical students’ perceptions of empathy after cinemeducation based on Vygotsky’s theory
Mahla Salajegheh, Amir Ali Sohrabpour, Elaheh Mohammadi
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reflective capacity and context of reflections: qualitative study of second-year medical students’ learning diaries related to a general practice course
Elina Paloniemi, Maria Hagnäs, Ilona Mikkola, Markku Timonen, Ritva Vatjus
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Use and effectiveness of the arts for enhancing healthcare students' empathy skills: A mixed methods systematic review
Tracy Levett-Jones, Elizabeth Brogan, Deborah Debono, Mark Goodhew, Natalie Govind, Jacqui Pich, Jo River, Judith Smith, Suzanne Sheppard-Law, Robyn Cant
Nurse Education Today.2024; 138: 106185. CrossRef
Empathy and shame through critical phenomenology: The limits and possibilities of affective work and the case of COVID‐19 vaccinations
Maryam Golafshani
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.2023; 29(7): 1143. CrossRef
Mind The Gap: A Philosophical Analysis of Reflection’s Many Benefits
Sven Peter Charlotte Schaepkens, Thijs Lijster
Teaching and Learning in Medicine.2023; 35(3): 368. CrossRef
Reflection in the training of general practitioners in clinical practice settings: a scoping review protocol
Linda Schumann Scheel, Niels Kristian Kjaer, Casey Marnie, Micah D.J. Peters
JBI Evidence Synthesis.2023; 21(7): 1501. CrossRef
Narrative medicine as a teaching strategy for nursing students to developing professionalism, empathy and humanistic caring ability: a randomized controlled trial
Mengxin Xue, Huiping Sun, Jin Xue, Jingxin Zhou, Junchao Qu, Siqi Ji, Yuan Bu, Yongbing Liu
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Emotional Skills on Attitudes towards Communication: Nursing Students vs. Nurses
María del Carmen Giménez-Espert, Sandra Maldonado, Vicente Prado-Gascó
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(6): 4798. CrossRef
A penny for your thoughts: promoting compassionate medical practice through reflection
Kirsty Brownlie
Reflective Practice.2023; 24(3): 389. CrossRef
Educational opportunities about ethics and professionalism in the clinical environment: surveys of 3rd year medical students to understand and address elements of the hidden curriculum
Wayne Shelton, Sara Silberstein, Lisa Campo-Engelstein, Henry Pohl, James Desemone, Liva H. Jacoby
International Journal of Ethics Education.2023; 8(2): 351. CrossRef
Empathy, emotional intelligence and interprofessional skills in healthcare education
Jonathan P. McNulty, Yurgos Politis
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences.2023; 54(2): 238. CrossRef
An undergraduate course on pain: Its impact on students' empathy
Adriana H. van Houwelingen, Ilayda Özaydin, Theo Wubbels
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2023; 15(6): 559. CrossRef
Activities to promote empathy for patients among pharmacy learners: A scoping review
Kimberly B. Garza, Adelia Grabowsky, Lindsey E. Moseley, Bradley M. Wright, Brandy R. Davis, Channing R. Ford
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2023; 15(10): 911. CrossRef
Medical Humanities in Undergraduate Psychiatry Teaching: Learner Assessment and Mediators of Better Learning Outcomes
Arvind Rajagopalan, Qian Hui Chew, Kang Sim
Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The integrated curriculum and student empathy: a longitudinal multi-cohort analysis
Christiane R. Herber-Valdez, Julie A. Blow, Tammy T. Salazar, Kathryn V. Horn, Dyanne G. Herrera, Naomi L. Lacy, Lisa Beinhoff, J. Manuel de la Rosa
Advances in Health Sciences Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment tools for reflection in healthcare learners: A scoping review
Cassandra Préfontaine, Isabelle Gaboury, Hélène Corriveau, Jacinthe Beauchamp, Chantal Lemire, Marie-Josée April
Medical Teacher.2022; 44(4): 394. CrossRef
Is reflection like soap? a critical narrative umbrella review of approaches to reflection in medical education research
Sven P. C. Schaepkens, M. Veen, A. de la Croix
Advances in Health Sciences Education.2022; 27(2): 537. CrossRef
Impact of social pediatrics rotation on residents’ understanding of social determinants of health
Kimberly Connors, Marghalara Rashid, Mercedes Chan, Jennifer Walton, Bonnieca Islam
Medical Education Online.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Introspective self-narrative modulates the neuronal response during the emphatic process: an event-related potentials (ERPs) study
Daniela Altavilla, Ines Adornetti, Alessandra Chiera, Valentina Deriu, Alessandro Acciai, Francesco Ferretti
Experimental Brain Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Supporting resident wellness through reflection on professional identity: A novel curriculum
Diana Toubassi, Milena Forte, Lindsay Herzog, Michael Roberts, Carly Schenker, Ian Waters, Erin Bearss
Education in the Health Professions.2022; 5(3): 85. CrossRef
Can doctors be taught virtue?
Ariel Lefkowitz, Dafna Meitar, Ayelet Kuper
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.2021; 27(3): 543. CrossRef
Sustainable Engaged Accountable Learners
Michael A. Gisondi, Jeremy Branzetti, Laura R. Hopson, Linda Regan, Wendy C. Coates
AEM Education and Training.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Reflective Writing on the Cadaveric Dissection Experience: An Effective Tool to Assess the Impact of Dissection on Learning of Anatomy, Humanism, Empathy, Well‐Being, and Professional Identity Formation in Medical Students
Matthew P. Abrams, Tabitha Eckert, Daniel Topping, Katherine D. Daly
Anatomical Sciences Education.2021; 14(5): 658. CrossRef
Bringing narratives from physicians, patients and caregivers together: a scoping review of published research
Tracy Moniz, John Costella, Maryam Golafshani, Chris Watling, Lorelei Lingard
Medical Humanities.2021; 47(1): 27. CrossRef
Effectiveness of simulation-based interventions at improving empathy among healthcare students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Joelle Yan Xin Chua, Emily Ang, Siew Tiang Lydia Lau, Shefaly Shorey
Nurse Education Today.2021; 104: 105000. CrossRef
Medical Students’ Creation of Original Poetry, Comics, and Masks to Explore Professional Identity Formation
Johanna Shapiro, Juliet McMullin, Gabriella Miotto, Tan Nguyen, Anju Hurria, Minh Anh Nguyen
Journal of Medical Humanities.2021; 42(4): 603. CrossRef
Incorporating reflective writing into criminal justice courses
Amie R. Scheidegger
Reflective Practice.2020; 21(1): 122. CrossRef
Why Write?
Laura Weiss Roberts, John Coverdale
Academic Medicine.2020; 95(2): 169. CrossRef
A Comparison of Guided Video Reflection versus Self-Regulated Learning to Teach Knot Tying to Medical Students: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Peter Zhan Tao Wang, Wen Yan Xie, Shiva Nair, Sumit Dave, John Shatzer, Saad Chahine
Journal of Surgical Education.2020; 77(4): 805. CrossRef
Empathy training in health sciences: A systematic review
Pilar Bas-Sarmiento, Martina Fernández-Gutiérrez, María Baena-Baños, Alba Correro-Bermejo, Pablo Sergio Soler-Martins, Sonia de la Torre-Moyano
Nurse Education in Practice.2020; 44: 102739. CrossRef
Reflections of an Integrated Maternal-Child Health Medical Student Assignment
Christopher J. McCauley, J. Alex Miles, Benjamin W. Frush, Gary L. Beck Dallaghan, Sofia Aliaga, Maria Ferris, Richard Hobbs
Maternal and Child Health Journal.2020; 24(6): 679. CrossRef
Content and outcomes of narrative medicine programmes: a systematic review of the literature through 2019
Christy DiFrances Remein, Ellen Childs, John Carlo Pasco, Ludovic Trinquart, David B Flynn, Sarah L Wingerter, Robina M Bhasin, Lindsay B Demers, Emelia J Benjamin
BMJ Open.2020; 10(1): e031568. CrossRef
Interpersonal communication, empathy, and stress perceived by nursing students who use social networks
Lorena Gutiérrez‐Puertas, Verónica V. Márquez‐Hernández, Vanesa Gutiérrez‐Puertas, Genoveva Granados‐Gámez, Gabriel Aguilera‐Manrique
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2020; 76(10): 2610. CrossRef
Response to: an exploratory cross-sectional study on the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and empathy in undergraduate medical students
Sithhipratha Arulrajan, Nazifa Ullah, Pranavan Pavanerathan
Medical Education Online.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Meeting Patients with Neurological Disorders on Medical Student Empathy
Catherine Eve Tisdale, Asa C. Black, Sandip Jain, Ervin Lowther, Lee Madeline, Chris Troup, Thomas Nathaniel, L. A. Fowler
Medical Science Educator.2020; 30(4): 1561. CrossRef
Added value of assessing medical students’ reflective writings in communication skills training: a longitudinal study in four academic centres
Camila Ament Giuliani Franco, Renato Soleiman Franco, Dario Cecilio-Fernandes, Milton Severo, Maria Amélia Ferreira, Marco Antonio de Carvalho-Filho
BMJ Open.2020; 10(11): e038898. CrossRef
Reflective writing: Implementation and learning perception from students and teachers of French nursing schools
Tony Timizar-Le Pen, Claire Marchand, Marie Léocadie, Monique Rothan-Tondeur
Nurse Education in Practice.2020; 49: 102921. CrossRef
Innovative Communication Learning: Combining TED Talks and Reflective Writing for Nursing Students
Maureen Hillier, Donna Luff, Elaine C. Meyer
Creative Nursing.2020; 26(3): 182. CrossRef
A Four-Week Reflective Writing Program in the Psychiatry Clerkship: Testing Effects on Reflective Capacity
Charles A. Whitmore, Joseph Sakai, Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson, Robert D. Davies
Academic Psychiatry.2019; 43(2): 171. CrossRef
Reflective Practices Among Global Health Fellows in the HEAL Initiative: a Qualitative Study
Zachary G. Jacobs, Robin Tittle, Joseph Scarpelli, Karen Cortez, Samuel D. Aptekar, Sriram Shamasunder
Journal of General Internal Medicine.2019; 34(4): 521. CrossRef
Empathy assessment in healthcare students is highly heterogeneous: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2012-2016)
Konstantinos C Fragkos, Ioannis Sotiropoulos, Christos C Frangos
World Journal of Meta-Analysis.2019; 7(1): 1. CrossRef
Practical Tips for Implementing a Student-Led Reflective Writing Workshop Series
Andi Shahu, Alyssa R. Thomas, Eli Neustadter, Anna Reisman
Medical Science Educator.2019; 29(3): 863. CrossRef
Teaching empathy to nursing students: A randomised controlled trial
Pilar Bas-Sarmiento, Martina Fernández-Gutiérrez, Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez, Concepción Carnicer-Fuentes, Cristina Castro-Yuste, María José García-Cabanillas, Cristina Gavira-Fernández, María de los Ángeles Martelo-Baro, Olga Paloma-Castro, María del Carmen
Nurse Education Today.2019; 80: 40. CrossRef
Do Sociology Courses Make More Empathetic Students? A Mixed-Methods Study of Empathy Change in Undergraduates
Ashley Rockwell, Chris M. Vidmar, Penny Harvey, Leanna Greenwood
Teaching Sociology.2019; 47(4): 284. CrossRef
How does medical education affect empathy and compassion in medical students? A meta-ethnography: BEME Guide No. 57
Charmaine Krishnasamy, Sik Yin Ong, May Eng Loo, Jill Thistlethwaite
Medical Teacher.2019; 41(11): 1220. CrossRef
Developing EFL students’ digital empathy through video production
Cheryl Wei-yu Chen
System.2018; 77: 50. CrossRef
Use of mixed-methods approach to assess the impact of a pre-professional health humanities honors course on developing interpersonal skills
Haley N. Ilcewicz, Therese I. Poirier, Junvie Pailden
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2018; 10(11): 1456. CrossRef
Narrative Praxis: Erzählungen als Vermittler zwischen Erfahrungswelten im Gesundheitswesen
Vera Kalitzkus
Leidfaden.2018; 7(4): 37. CrossRef
Narrative medicine educational project to improve the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Antonietta Cappuccio, Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Massimo Verga, Stefano Nardini, Alessandro Policreti, Pasquale Alberto Porpiglia, Silvia Napolitano, Maria Giulia Marini
ERJ Open Research.2018; 4(2): 00155-2017. CrossRef
Goals of care conversation teaching in residency – a cross-sectional survey of postgraduate program directors
Amanda Roze des Ordons, Aliya Kassam, Jessica Simon
BMC Medical Education.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
What Do Pediatric Residents Gain From an Experience in Juvenile Justice? A Qualitative Analysis of Community-Based Learning
Elizabeth R. Hanson, Erin P. Finley, Jean A. Petershack
Academic Pediatrics.2017; 17(3): 296. CrossRef
Exploring the Facets of Empathy and Pain in Clinical Practice: A Review
Jenny Roche, Dominic Harmon
Pain Practice.2017; 17(8): 1089. CrossRef
Student perceptions of the impact and value of incorporation of reflective writing across a pharmacy curriculum
Amber E. King, Andrea S. Joseph, Elena M. Umland
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2017; 9(5): 770. CrossRef
Efficacy of empathy training in nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
Pilar Bas-Sarmiento, Martina Fernández-Gutiérrez, María Baena-Baños, Jose Manuel Romero-Sánchez
Nurse Education Today.2017; 59: 59. CrossRef
Medical Students’ Empathy for Vulnerable Groups: Results From a Survey and Reflective Writing Assignment
Caroline Wellbery, Pamela A. Saunders, Sarah Kureshi, Adam Visconti
Academic Medicine.2017; 92(12): 1709. CrossRef
Meeting the Challenge of a More Person-Centered Future for us Healthcare
Bonnie R. Sakallaris, William L. Miller, Robert Saper, Mary Jo Kreitzer, Wayne Jonas
Global Advances in Health and Medicine.2016; 5(1): 51. CrossRef
Medical students’ creative projects on a third year pediatrics clerkship: a qualitative analysis of patient-centeredness and emotional connection
Johanna Shapiro, Diane Ortiz, You Ye Ree, Minha Sarwar
BMC Medical Education.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The Emerging Issue of Digital Empathy
Christopher Terry, Jeff Cain
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2016; 80(4): 58. CrossRef
Reflective Practice in Healthcare Education: An Umbrella Review
Konstantinos Fragkos
Education Sciences.2016; 6(4): 27. CrossRef
La formazione alle soft skills nel Corso di laurea in Medicina: uno studio qualitativo sulle scritture riflessive di un campione di studenti
Lucia Zannini, Maria Benedetta Gambacorti-Passerini, Pier Maria Battezzati
EDUCATIONAL REFLECTIVE PRACTICES.2016; (2): 9. CrossRef
Reflective Writing
David M. Naeger, Ethan W. Hua, Bren Ahearn, Emily M. Webb
Academic Radiology.2015; 22(10): 1221. CrossRef
Considerations in the use of reflective writing for student assessment: issues of reliability and validity
Tracy Moniz, Shannon Arntfield, Kristina Miller, Lorelei Lingard, Chris Watling, Glenn Regehr
Medical Education.2015; 49(9): 901. CrossRef
Professional Identity Formation in Medical Education for Humanistic, Resilient Physicians
Hedy S. Wald, David Anthony, Tom A. Hutchinson, Stephen Liben, Mark Smilovitch, Anthony A. Donato
Academic Medicine.2015; 90(6): 753. CrossRef
Learning from Primary Health Care Centers in Nepal: reflective writings on experiential learning of third year Nepalese medical students
Rolina Dhital, Madhusudan Subedi, Neeti Prasai, Karun Shrestha, Milan Malla, Shambhu Upadhyay
BMC Research Notes.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
One-Year Progress in Ophthalmic Education
Eduardo Mayorga, Karl Golnik, Gabriela Palis
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology.2015; 4(6): 388. CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search