Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Brief reports

Initial steps for integrating academic electronic health records into clinical curricula of physical and occupational therapy in the United States: a survey-based observational study: Stephen Burrows, Lola Halperin, Eric Nemec, Wendy Romney; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:24. Published online September 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.24

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Training programs must be designed to prepare physical and occupational therapy students to use electronic health records (EHR) and interprofessional collaboration. This report aims to describe physical and occupational therapy students’ perceptions of integrating an academic EHR (AEHR) in their problem-based learning (PBL) curricula in the College of Health Professions, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, the United States. A paper-based case approach to PBL was adapted by creating patient cases in an AEHR. Students were asked to complete chart reviews and review provider notes to enhance their learning. An online survey was conducted to determine their perceptions of using AEHR from May 2014 to August 2015. Eighty-five students completed the survey, and 88.1% felt that using an AEHR was needed, and 82.4% felt that the additional notes enhanced their understanding of the interdisciplinary team. However, 83.5% reported the AEHR system increased the time needed to extract meaningful information. Incorporating an AEHR into curricula is essential to ensure students are adequately prepared for future patient interactions.

Educational impact of an active learning session with 6-lead mobile electrocardiography on medical students’ knowledge of cardiovascular physiology during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a survey-based observational study: Alexandra Camille Greb, Emma Altieri, Irene Masini, Emily Helena Frisch, Milton Leon Greenberg; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:12. Published online June 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.12

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Mobile electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are valuable tools for teaching ECG interpretation. The primary purpose of this follow-up study was to determine if an ECG active learning session could be safely and effectively performed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using a newly developed mobile 6-lead ECG device. Additionally, we examined the educational impact of these active learning sessions on student knowledge of cardiovascular physiology and the utility of the mobile 6-lead ECG device in a classroom setting. In this study, first-year medical students (MS1) performed four active learning activities using the new mobile 6-lead ECG device. Data were collected from 42 MS1s through a quantitative survey administered in September 2020. Overall, students felt the activity enhanced their understanding of the course material and that the activity was performed safely and in compliance with local COVID-19 guidelines. These results emphasize student preference for hands-on, small group learning activities in spite of the pandemic.

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Medical student exam performance and perceptions of a COVID-19 pandemic-appropriate pre-clerkship medical physiology and pathophysiology curriculum
Melissa Chang, Andrew Cuyegkeng, Joseph A. Breuer, Arina Alexeeva, Abigail R. Archibald, Javier J. Lepe, Milton L. Greenberg
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Research article

Doctoral physical therapy students’ increased confidence following exploration of active video gaming systems in a problem-based learning curriculum in the United States: a pre- and post-intervention study: Michelle Elizabeth Wormley, Wendy Romney, Diana Veneri, Andrea Oberlander; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:7. Published online April 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.7

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Active video gaming (AVG) is used in physical therapy (PT) to treat individuals with a variety of diagnoses across the lifespan. The literature supports improvements in balance, cardiovascular endurance, and motor control; however, evidence is lacking regarding the implementation of AVG in PT education. This study investigated doctoral physical therapy (DPT) students’ confidence following active exploration of AVG systems as a PT intervention in the United States.
Methods
This pretest-posttest study included 60 DPT students in 2017 (cohort 1) and 55 students in 2018 (cohort 2) enrolled in a problem-based learning curriculum. AVG systems were embedded into patient cases and 2 interactive laboratory classes across 2 consecutive semesters (April–December 2017 and April–December 2018). Participants completed a 31-question survey before the intervention and 8 months later. Students’ confidence was rated for general use, game selection, plan of care, set-up, documentation, setting, and demographics. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare differences in confidence pre- and post-intervention.
Results
Both cohorts showed increased confidence at the post-test, with median (interquartile range) scores as follows: cohort 1: pre-test, 57.1 (44.3–63.5); post-test, 79.1 (73.1–85.4); and cohort 2: pre-test, 61.4 (48.0–70.7); post-test, 89.3 (80.0–93.2). Cohort 2 was significantly more confident at baseline than cohort 1 (P<0.05). In cohort 1, students’ data were paired and confidence levels significantly increased in all domains: use, Z=-6.2 (P<0.01); selection, Z=-5.9 (P<0.01); plan of care, Z=-6.0 (P<0.01); set-up, Z=-5.5 (P<0.01); documentation, Z=-6.0 (P<0.01); setting, Z=-6.3 (P<0.01); and total score, Z=-6.4 (P<0.01).
Conclusion
Structured, active experiences with AVG resulted in a significant increase in students’ confidence. As technology advances in healthcare delivery, it is essential to expose students to these technologies in the classroom.

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The use of artificial intelligence in crafting a novel method for teaching normal human gait
Scott W. Lowe
European Journal of Physiotherapy.2024; : 1. CrossRef

Educational/Faculty development material

Using a virtual flipped classroom model to promote critical thinking in online graduate courses in the United States: a case presentation: Jennifer Tomesko, Deborah Cohen, Jennifer Bridenbaugh; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:5. Published online February 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.5

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Flipped classroom models encourage student autonomy and reverse the order of traditional classroom content such as lectures and assignments. Virtual learning environments are ideal for executing flipped classroom models to improve critical thinking skills. This paper provides health professions faculty with guidance on developing a virtual flipped classroom in online graduate nutrition courses between September 2021 and January 2022 at the School of Health Professions, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey. Examples of pre-class, live virtual face-to-face, and post-class activities are provided. Active learning, immediate feedback, and enhanced student engagement in a flipped classroom may result in a more thorough synthesis of information, resulting in increased critical thinking skills. This article describes how a flipped classroom model design in graduate online courses that incorporate virtual face-to-face class sessions in a virtual learning environment can be utilized to promote critical thinking skills. Health professions faculty who teach online can apply the examples discussed to their online courses.

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A scoping review of educational programmes on artificial intelligence (AI) available to medical imaging staff
G. Doherty, L. McLaughlin, C. Hughes, J. McConnell, R. Bond, S. McFadden
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Team- and Problem-Based Learning in Health Services: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Initiatives in the United States
Eileen Alexander, Ashley White, Ashley Varol, Kacey Appel, Cristian Lieneck
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Evaluating a Virtual Flipped Classroom Approach to Nurse Practitioner Telehealth Competency Development
Laurie Posey, Sherrie Wallington, Neal Sikka, Arlene Pericak, Qiuping Zhou, Christine Pintz
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Inculcating Critical Thinking Skills in Medical Students: Ways and Means
Mandeep Kaur, Rajiv Mahajan
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Promoting students’ critical thinking and scientific attitudes through socio-scientific issues-based flipped classroom
Nurfatimah Sugrah, Suyanta, Antuni Wiyarsi
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Effect of a flipped classroom course to foster medical students’ AI literacy with a focus on medical imaging: a single group pre-and post-test study
Matthias C. Laupichler, Dariusch R. Hadizadeh, Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst, Leon von der Emde, Daniel Paech, Elizabeth A. Dick, Tobias Raupach
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Educational/faculty development material

Implementation and lessons learned from 2 online interprofessional faculty development programs for improving educational practice in the health professions in Chile and the United Kingdom from 2018 to 2021: Cesar Orsini, Veena Rodrigues, Jorge Tricio; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:21. Published online August 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.21

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This study presents the design, implementation, and lessons learned from 2 fit-for-purpose online interprofessional faculty development programs for educational practice improvement in the health professions in Chile and the United Kingdom from 2018 to 2021. Both programs were designed to enhance teaching and learning practices in an interprofessional environment based on 4 pillars: professional diversity, egalitarianism, blended/online learning, and active learning strategies. A multidisciplinary mix of educators participated, showing similar results. The 3 main lessons learned were that the following factors facilitated an interprofessional environment: a professions-inclusive teaching style, a flexible learning climate, and interprofessional peer work. These lessons may be transferable to other programs seeking to enhance and support interprofessionality. Faculty development initiatives preparing educators for interprofessional practice should be an integral component of health professions education, as delivering these courses within professional silos is no longer justifiable. As the relevance of interprofessional education grows, an effective way of promoting interprofessonal education is to train the trainers in formal interprofessional settings.

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Perceived team roles of medical students: a five year cross-sectional study
Anke Boone, Mathieu Roelants, Karel Hoppenbrouwers, Corinne Vandermeulen, Marc Du Bois, Lode Godderis
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Research articles

A conceptual model for students’ satisfaction with team-based learning using partial least squares structural equation modelling in a faculty of life sciences, in the United Kingdom: Andrea Manfrin, Bugewa Apampa, Prabha Parthasarathy; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:36. Published online November 13, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.36

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Purpose
Students’ satisfaction is an essential element in higher education. This study aimed to identify paths and predictive power of students’ satisfaction during team-based learning (TBL) activities in the faculty of life sciences using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).
Methods
In 2018–2019, at the University of Sussex (Falmer, UK), 180 life science students exposed to TBL were invited to participate in the study. Team-Based-Learning-Student-Assessment-Instrument was used. A conceptual model was developed for testing six hypotheses. H1: What was the effect of TBL on student satisfaction? H2: What was the effect of lectures on student satisfaction? H3: What was the effect of TBL on accountability? H4: What was the effect of lectures on accountability? H5: What was the effect of accountability on student satisfaction? H6: What were the in-sample and out-of-sample predictive power of the model? The analysis was conducted using the PLS-SEM approach.
Results
Ninety-nine students participated in the study giving a 55% response rate. Confirmatory tetrad analysis suggested a reflective model. Construct reliability, validity, average extracted variance, and discriminant validity were confirmed. All path coefficients were positive, and 5 were statistically significant (H1: β=0.587, P<0:001; H2: β=0.262, P<0.001; H3: β=0.532, P<0.001; H4: β=0.063, P=0.546; H5: β=0.200, P=0.002). The in-sample predictive power was weak for Accountability, (R2=0.303; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.117–0.428; P<0.001) and substantial for Student Satisfaction (R2=0.678; 95% CI, 0.498–0.777; P<0.001). The out-of-sample predictive power was moderate.
Conclusion
The results have demonstrated the possibility of developing and testing a TBL conceptual model using PLS-SEM for the evaluation of path coefficients and predictive power relative to students’ satisfaction.

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The predictive power of electronic reporting system utilization on voluntary reporting of near-miss incidents among nurses: A PLS-SEM approach
Mohammed Abdalraheem Alalaween, Noorliza Karia
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Psychometric properties of Clinical Learning Environment Inventory and its association with Moroccan nursing students’ satisfaction: A PLS-SEM approach
Khadija Saka, Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch, Mohamed El Amine Ragala, Zarrouq Btissame, Adel Tahraoui, Youness El Achhab, Jaouad El-Hilaly
Belitung Nursing Journal.2023; 9(1): 86. CrossRef
The relationship between the pharmacist's role, patient understanding and satisfaction during the provision of a cost‐effective pharmacist‐led intervention
Andrea Manfrin
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Transitioning to Individual Learning Paths in the Opinions of Students and Teachers: the Case of the University of Tyumen
Tatyana Gavrilyuk, Taisia Pogodaeva
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Equation Modelling of Automotive Textiles for Car Seat Covers in the Ghanaian Upholstery Industry
Dr. Richard Selase Gbadegbe, Edem Kwami Buami, Charles Kumah, Bijou Asemsro, Prof. Maxwell Selase Akple
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Virtual Physical Education: Google Meet as an alternative platform for learning skill-based concepts
Joseph Lobo
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A SEM-NCA Approach towards Social Networks Marketing: Evaluating Consumers’ Sustainable Purchase Behavior with the Moderating Role of Eco-Friendly Attitude
Pejman Ebrahimi, Datis Khajeheian, Maria Fekete-Farkas
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Satisfaction with and suitability of the problem-based learning program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine: Dong Mi Yoo, A Ra Cho, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:20. Published online July 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.20

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify suggestions for improving the effectiveness and promoting the success of the current problem-based learning (PBL) program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine through a professor and student awareness survey.
Methods
A survey was carried out by sending out mobile Naver Form survey pages via text messages 3 times in December 2018, to 44 medical students and 74 professors. In addition, relevant official documents from the school administration were reviewed. The collected data were analyzed to identify the achievement of educational goals, overall satisfaction with, and operational suitability of the PBL program.
Results
The overall satisfaction scores for the PBL program were neutral (students, 3.27±0.95 vs. professors, 3.58±1.07; P=0.118). Regarding the achievement of educational goals, the integration of basic and clinical medicine and encouragement of learning motivation were ranked lowest. Many respondents expressed negative opinions about the modules (students, 25.0%; professors, 39.2%) and tutors (students, 54.5%; professors, 24.3%). The students and professors agreed that the offering timing of the program in medical school and the length of each phase were suitable, while opinions expressed in greater detail pointed to issues such as the classes being held too close to exams and their alignment with regular course units.
Conclusion
Issues with modules and tutors were the most pressing. Detailed and appropriate modules should be developed on the basis of advice from professors with experience in PBL tutoring. Inconsistencies in tutoring should be reduced by standardization and retraining.

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Effectiveness of problem-based learning methodology in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review
Joan Carles Trullàs, Carles Blay, Elisabet Sarri, Ramon Pujol
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Student and Tutor Satisfaction with Problem-Based Learning in Azerbaijan
Ulkar Sattarova, Wim Groot, Jelena Arsenijevic
Education Sciences.2021; 11(6): 288. CrossRef
A scoping review of clinical reasoning research with Asian healthcare professionals
Ching-Yi Lee, Chang-Chyi Jenq, Madawa Chandratilake, Julie Chen, Mi-Mi Chen, Hiroshi Nishigori, Gohar Wajid, Pai-Hsuang Yang, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Lynn Monrouxe
Advances in Health Sciences Education.2021; 26(5): 1555. CrossRef
Newly appointed medical faculty members’ self-evaluation of their educational roles at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine in 2020 and 2021: a cross-sectional survey-based study
Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 28. CrossRef

Brief Report

Integrated clinical experience with concurrent problem-based learning is associated with improved clinical reasoning among physical therapy students in the United States: Brad Warren Willis, Anita Sethi Campbell, Stephen Paul Sayers, Kyle Gibson; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:30. Published online December 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.30

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Clinical reasoning (CR) is a key learning domain for physical therapy educators and a core skill for entry-level practitioners. Integrated clinical experience (ICE) and problem-based learning (PBL) have each been reported to improve interpersonal and social domains, while promoting knowledge acquisition and CR. Unfortunately, studies monitoring CR during ICE with concurrent PBL in physical therapy education are sparse. We hypothesized that ICE with concurrent PBL would be associated with improved self-reported CR in third-year student physical therapists (PTs) in the United States. The Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) survey was administered to 42 student PTs at the beginning and end of their third and final year of didactic training. Between the pretest and posttest analyses, the participants completed faculty-led ICE and PBL coursework for 16 weeks. The overall SACRR score and 26 individual item scores were examined. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and paired t-test were used, with statistical significance accepted at P< 0.05. Significant improvements were observed in the overall SACRR score (P< 0.001), including 6 of the 26 survey items centered around decision-making based on experience and evidence, as well as self-reflection and reasoning. ICE with PBL was associated with improved self-assessed CR and reflection in third-year student PTs in the United States. Monitoring the impact of curricular design on CR may improve educators’ ability to enhance cognitive and psychomotor skills, which underscores the importance of increasing the explicit use of theoretical frameworks and teaching techniques for coping with uncertainty as a way of enhancing entry-level training.

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“This patient is not appropriate”: Perspectives of physiotherapy students and clinical educators on exposing students to patients with complex needs during clinical practice placements
Elaine McGivern, Allison Mandrusiak, Ann Rahmann, Roma Forbes
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Satisfaction level and correlation between performance and self-evaluation of physical therapy students in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) designed to assess clinical reasoning
Paola Figueroa-González, Nicole Figueroa-Arce, Luis Gómez-Miranda, Ruvistay Gutiérrez-Arias, Viviana Contreras-Pizarro
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina.2024; 71(4): e107397. CrossRef
What is complexity of hospital-based physiotherapy from the perspective of physiotherapists themselves? A grounded theory study
Lieven de Zwart, Niek Koenders, Rudi Steenbruggen, Ria Nijhuis-van der Sanden, Thomas J Hoogeboom
BMJ Open.2023; 13(4): e069368. CrossRef
What methods are being used to teach clinical reasoning in physical therapy education and are they effective? A systematic review of literature
Melissa Cencetti, Laurie Brogan, Anthony F. Carusotto, Kristen Karnish
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Renovación metodológica y evaluación como plataforma para el desarrollo de competencias de razonamiento profesional
Máximo Escobar Cabello, Iván Sanchez Soto
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Research article

Does learning style preferences influence academic performance among dental students in Isfahan, Iran?: Najmeh Akhlaghi, Hosein Mirkazemi, Mehdi Jafarzade, Narjes Akhlaghi; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:8. Published online March 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.8

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The present study aimed to identify the learning preferences of dental students and to characterize their relationship with academic performance at a dental school in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study included 200 undergraduate dental students from October to November 2016. Data were collected using a 2-part questionnaire. The first part included demographic data, and the second part was a Persian-language version of the visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with the chi-square test, 1-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression.
Results
The response rate was 86.6%. Approximately half of the students (51.5%) had multimodal learning preferences. Among the unimodal group (48.5%), the most common mode was aural (24.0%), followed by kinesthetic (15.5%), reading-writing (8.0%), and visual (1.0%). There was a significant association between academic performance and the reading/writing learning style preference (P< 0.01).
Conclusion
Multimodal learning styles were the most preferred. Among single-mode learning styles, the aural style was most common, followed by the kinesthetic style. Students with a reading/writing preference had better academic performance. The results of this study provide useful information for preparing a more problem-based curriculum with active learning strategies.

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Bahareh Tahani, Skekoufeh Sedaghat Manesh
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Tahereh Baherimoghadam, Shahram Hamedani, Manoosh mehrabi, Navid Naseri, Nooshin Marzban
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Ayesha Fahim, Saba Rehman, Fariha Fayyaz, Mariyah Javed, Muhammad Anwaar Alam, Sadia Rana, Fahim Haider Jafari, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães Abreu
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An Assessment of Learning Styles of Undergraduate Medical Students in Three Different Types of Curriculum
Abdulrahman Alfawzan, Moeber Mahzari, Sajida Agha, Aamir Omair, Omar Alfawzan, Reema Alessa, Abdulaziz Alturki, Kholoud Alshiha
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Shahla Momeni Danaei, Niloofar Azadeh, Dana Jafarpur
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Learning Style and Academic Achievement among Students at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Horyeh Sarbazvatan, Abolghasem Amini, Nayyereh Aminisani, SeyedMorteza Shamshirgaran, Saeideh Ghaffarifar
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Research Articles

Vaccination learning experiences of nursing students: a grounded theory study: Eshagh Ildarabadi, Hossein Karimi Moonaghi, Abbas Heydari, Ali Taghipour, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:29. Published online June 18, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.29

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing students being trained to perform vaccinations. Methods: The grounded theory method was applied to gather information through semi-structured interviews. The participants included 14 undergraduate nursing students in their fifth and eighth semesters of study in a nursing school in Iran. The information was analyzed according to Strauss and Corbin’s method of grounded theory. Results: A core category of experiential learning was identified, and the following eight subcategories were extracted: students’ enthusiasm, vaccination sensitivity, stress, proper educational environment, absence of prerequisites, students’ responsibility for learning, providing services, and learning outcomes. Conclusion: The vaccination training of nursing students was found to be in an acceptable state. However, some barriers to effective learning were identified. As such, the results of this study may provide empirical support for attempts to reform vaccination education by removing these barriers.

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Vaccine hesitancy educational tools for healthcare providers and trainees: A scoping review
A. Lip, M. Pateman, M.M. Fullerton, H.M. Chen, L. Bailey, S. Houle, S. Davidson, C. Constantinescu
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The validity and reliability of a problem-based learning implementation questionnaire: Bhina Patria; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:22. Published online June 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.22

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to provide evidence for the validity and reliability of a questionnaire for assessing the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL). This questionnaire was developed to assess the quality of PBL implementation from the perspective of medical school graduates. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The analysis was based on a survey of 225 graduates of a problem-based medical school in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that the confirmatory factor analysis model had a good fit to the data. Further, the values of the standardized loading estimates, the squared inter-construct correlations, the average variances extracted, and the composite reliabilities all provided evidence of construct validity. Conclusion: The PBL implementation questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable, making it suitable for evaluation purposes.

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Changes in Learning Outcomes of Students Participating in Problem-Based Learning for the First Time: A Case Study of a Financial Management Course
Yung-Chuan Lee
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The implementation of problem-based learning in collaborative groups in a chiropractic program in Malaysia: Ni Ni Win, Vishna Devi V Nadarajah, Daw Khin Win; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:17. Published online May 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.17

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Problem-based learning (PBL) is usually conducted in small-group learning sessions with approximately eight students per facilitator. In this study, we implemented a modified version of PBL involving collaborative groups in an undergraduate chiropractic program and assessed its pedagogical effectiveness. Methods: This study was conducted at the International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and involved the 2012 chiropractic student cohort. Six PBL cases were provided to chiropractic students, consisting of three PBL cases for which learning resources were provided and another three PBL cases for which learning resources were not provided. Group discussions were not continuously supervised, since only one facilitator was present. The students’ perceptions of PBL in collaborative groups were assessed with a questionnaire that was divided into three domains: motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work. Results: Thirty of the 31 students (97%) participated in the study. PBL in collaborative groups was significantly associated with positive responses regarding students’ motivation, cognitive skills, and perceived pressure to work (P<0.05). The students felt that PBL with learning resources increased motivation and cognitive skills (P<0.001). Conclusion: The new PBL implementation described in this study does not require additional instructors or any additional funding. When implemented in a classroom setting, it has pedagogical benefits equivalent to those of small-group sessions. Our findings also suggest that students rely significantly on available learning resources.

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Collaborative method consisting lecture, problem-based learning and weblog for clinical courses of medical students in comparison with lecture method
Masoumeh Sharifzadeh, Jila Agah, Ahmad Khosravi, Shahram Samadi, Seyd Javad Davari Sani
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021; 10(1): 223. CrossRef
Collaborative Problem-based Learning: An Analysis of Problem-Solving Skills in Vocational Schools
Rachmad Syarifuddin Hidayatullah, Sudirman Rizki Ariyanto, Muhaji, Husni Mubarok, Abebayehu Yohannes
IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research.2020; 1(3): 209. CrossRef
WeChat as a Platform for Problem-Based Learning in a Dental Practical Clerkship: Feasibility Study
Wei Zhang, Zheng-Rong Li, Zhi Li
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2019; 21(3): e12127. CrossRef

Medical students’ achievement on the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery/Chirurgery Final Part I and II licensing examination: a comparison of students in problem-based learning, community-based education and service, and conventional curricula in Ghana: Victor Mogre, Anthony Amalba, Mark Saaka, Kwabena Kyei-Aboagye; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2014;11:10. Published online May 8, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.10

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Problem-based learning is an established method of teaching and learning in medical education. However, its impact on students’ achievement on examinations is varied and inconsistent. We compared the levels of achievement on the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery/Chirurgery (MB ChB) Part I and II licensing examination of students in problem-based learning, community-based education and service (PBL/COBES), and conventional curricula.
Methods
In 2014, we analyzed the MB ChB Final Part I and II licensing examination results of students in three classes (2004, 2005, and 2006) of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. Ninety-three students in the 2004 and 2005 cohorts followed a conventional curriculum, and 82 students in the 2006 cohort followed a PBL/COBES curriculum. Using appropriate statistical tools, the analysis compared individual discipline scores and the proportions of students who received distinction/credit/pass grades among the classes.
Results
The PBL students had significantly higher mean and median scores than the conventional students in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Internal Medicine, Community Health and Family Medicine, Surgery, and Psychiatry, but not in Child Health and Pediatrics. Also, a significantly (P=0.0010) higher percentage, 95.1% (n=78), of the PBL students passed all the disciplines, compared to 79.6% (n=74) of the conventional students.
Conclusion
The PBL students significantly performed better in all the disciplines except child health and pediatrics, where the conventional students scored higher. These findings demonstrate that the benefits of the PBL/COBES curriculum are tangible and should be fostered.

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Kristina Talbert-Slagle, Ibrahim Ajami, Braden Currey, Rachel Galvao, Jerusalem Hadush, Serene Silin Li, Javaughn T. Flowers, Moses Ziah, Desmond Amuh, Mikaela Rabb, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Nikole Allen, Marie Martin, Mary Miller, Attila Yaman, Tej Nut
PLOS Global Public Health.2023; 3(3): e0001610. CrossRef
Preparedness of medical students to provide nutrition care following a nutrition education intervention
Bright Yammaha Amoore, Patience Kanyiri Gaa, Shamsu-Deen Ziblim, Victor Mogre
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Nutrition in Medicine: Medical Students׳ Satisfaction, Perceived Relevance and Preparedness for Practice
Victor Mogre, Fred Stevens, Paul A. Aryee, Albert J.J.A. Scherpbier
Health Professions Education.2018; 4(1): 31. CrossRef
Perception of Ghanaian Medical Students of Cadaveric Dissection in a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum
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Anatomy Research International.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
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Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2014; 11: 19. CrossRef

Small group effectiveness in a Caribbean medical school’s problem-based learning sessions: P Ravi Shankar, Atanu Nandy, Ramanan Balasubramanium, Soumitra Chakravarty; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2014;11:5. Published online March 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.5

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The tutorial group effectiveness instrument was developed to provide objective information on the effectiveness of small groups. Student perception of small group effectiveness during the PBL process has not been previously studied in Xavier University School of Medicine. Hence the present study was carried out.
Methods
The study was conducted among the second and third semester undergraduate medical students during the last week of September 2013, in Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands. Students were informed about the objectives of the study and invited to participate after obtaining written, informed consent. Demographic information like gender, age, nationality and whether the respondent had been exposed to PBL before joining the institution were noted. Student perception about small group effectiveness was studied by noting their degree of agreement with a set of 19 statements using a Likert type scale.
Results
Thirty four of the 37 (91.9%) second and third semester medical students participated in the study. The mean cognitive score was 3.76 while the mean motivational and demotivational scores were 3.65 and 2.51 respectively. The median cognitive category score was 27 (maximum score 35) while the motivation score was 26 (maximum score 35) and the demotivational score was 12 (maximum being 25). There was no significant difference in scores according to respondents’ demographic characteristics.
Conclusion
Student perception about small group effectiveness was positive. Since most medical schools all over the world already have or are introducing PBL as a learning modality, Tutorial Group Effectiveness Instrument can provide valuable information about small group functioning during PBL sessions.

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Relationship of Prior Knowledge and Scenario Quality With the Effectiveness of Problem-based Learning Discussion among Medical Students of Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, Indonesia
Mulyati Sri Rahayu, Sri Wahyuni, Yuziani Yuziani
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Indian medical students’ perspectives on problem-based learning experiences in the undergraduate curriculum: One size does not fit all: Nanda Bijli, Manjunatha Shankarappa; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2013;10:11. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.11

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