Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Brief reports

Impact of multi-professional simulation-based training on perceptions of safety and preparedness among health workers caring for coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Pakistan: Jamal Azfar Khan, Muhammad Rizwan Bashir Kiani; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:19. Published online June 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.19

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This study aimed to evaluate perceptions of safety and preparedness among health workers caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients before and after a multi-professional simulation-based course in Pakistan. Health workers’ perceptions of preparedness, safety, and their willingness to care for COVID-19 patients were measured before and after they attended a simulation-based training course to prepare them to care for COVID-19 patients at Combined Military Hospital Landi Kotal Cantt, from March 1 to April 30, 2020. The participants’ perceived level of safety and preparedness to care for COVID-19 patients before the simulation-based course was low, but increased after completing it (P<0.05). They felt confident and were significantly more willing to care for patients with COVID-19 or other infections requiring strict isolation. Simulation-based training is an effective tool to improve perceptions of risk and readiness to deal with COVID-19 among medical and non-medical health workers in Pakistan.

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Education and Training Adaptations for Health Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Lessons Learned and Innovations
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How stressful was the COVID-19 pandemic for residents specializing in family practice?. A study of stressors and psychological well-being of physicians in further training specializing in family practice (GP trainees) within a pandemic context
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An update on developments in medical education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A BEME scoping review: BEME Guide No. 64
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Training in healthcare during and after COVID-19: proposal for simulation training
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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2021; 67(suppl 1): 12. CrossRef
COVID-19 Critical Care Simulations: An International Cross-Sectional Survey
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Interprofessional work in health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
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Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte, Alexandra Lapierre, Guillaume Fontaine, Tanya Mailhot, Patrick Lavoie
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Being Prepared During the Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neonatal Experience in Training and Simulation
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Reflections as 2020 comes to an end: the editing and educational environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, the power of Scopus and Web of Science in scholarly publishing, journal statistics, and appreciation to reviewers and volunteers
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Physical therapy students’ perceptions of the educational environment at physical therapy institutes in Pakistan: Muhammad Adeel, Asad Chaudhry; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:7. Published online February 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.7

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Abstract PDF

This study assessed doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students’ perceptions of the educational environment at public and private physical therapy institutes in Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted at 6 physical therapy institutions in Punjab, Pakistan from April 2018 to December 2019. In total, 500 Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaires were distributed among DPT students identified through convenience sampling (response rate, 86.4%). The correlations between each item of the DREEM score were analyzed. The mean overall DREEM score was 128±19.63 for all 5 subscales (range, 33 to 166; standard error of the mean, 0.954). The correlations of atmosphere, learning, and self-perception with the overall educational environment were r=0.896, r=0.853, and r=0.846, respectively. Student-centered approaches were found to be more effective than teacher-centered approaches for promoting a positive educational environment.

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Evaluation of providers’ assistive technology service delivery practices in Pakistan
Areeba Khan, Mary Goldberg, Jonathan Pearlman, Lauren Terhorst
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Clinical students’ perception of educational environment in a Nigerian university: a mixed method study
Aderonke O. Akinpelu, Olufemi O. Oyewole, Nse Odunaiya, Adesola C. Odole, Jesupelumi P. Olley
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Examining the perception of undergraduate health professional students of their learning environment, learning experience and professional identity development: a mixed-methods study
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BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Research article

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis of integrating the World Health Organization patient safety curriculum into undergraduate medical education in Pakistan: a qualitative case study: Samreen Misbah, Usman Mahboob; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:35. Published online December 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.35

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of integrating the World Health Organization (WHO) patient safety curriculum into undergraduate medical education in Pakistan.
Methods
A qualitative interpretive case study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad, from October 2016 to June 2017. The study included 9 faculty members and 1 expert on patient safety. The interviews were audiotaped, and a thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed using NVivo software.
Results
Four themes were derived based on the need analysis model. The sub-themes derived from the collected data were arranged under the themes of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, in accordance with the principles of SWOT analysis. The strengths identified were the need for a formal patient safety curriculum and its early integration into the undergraduate program. The weaknesses were faculty awareness and participation in development programs. The opportunities were an ongoing effort to develop an appropriate curriculum, to improve the current culture of healthcare, and to use the WHO curricular resource guide. The threats were attitudes towards patient safety in Pakistani culture, resistance to implementation from different levels, and the role of regulatory authorities.
Conclusion
The theme of patient safety needs to be incorporated early into the formal medical education curriculum, with the main goals of striving to do no harm and seeing mistakes as opportunities to learn. Faculty development activities need to be organized, and faculty members should to be encouraged to participate in them. The lack of a patient safety culture was identified as the primary reason for resistance to this initiative at many levels. The WHO curriculum, amended according to local institutional culture, can be implemented appropriately with support from the corresponding regulatory bodies.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(12): 6672. CrossRef
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Research Articles

Comparison of the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of barriers regarding adverse drug reaction reporting between pharmacy and medical students in Pakistan: Muhammad Umair Khan, Akram Ahmad, Areeba Ejaz, Syed Ata Rizvi, Ayesha Sardar, Kazim Hussain, Tayyaba Zaffar, Shazia Q. Jamshed; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:28. Published online June 17, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.28

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The goal of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy and medical students regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), as well as their perceptions of barriers to ADR reporting, in a Higher Education Commission-recognised Pakistani university.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year pharmacy (n=91) and medical (n=108) students in Pakistan from June 1 to July 31, 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The responses of pharmacy students were compared to those of medical students.
Results
Pharmacy students had a significantly better knowledge of ADRs than medical students (mean±SD, 5.61±1.78 vs. 3.23±1.60; P<0.001). Gender showed a significant relationship to knowledge about ADRs, and male participants were apparently more knowledgeable than their female counterparts (P<0.001). The attitudes of pharmacy students regarding their capability to handle and report ADRs were significantly more positive than those of medical students (P<0.05). In comparison to pharmacy students, a lack of knowledge of where and how to report ADRs was the main barrier that medical students perceived to ADR reporting (P=0.001).
Conclusion
Final-year pharmacy students exhibited more knowledge about ADRs and showed more positive attitudes regarding their capacity to handle and report ADRs than final-year medical students.

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Teaching pharmacovigilance to French medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Interest of distance learning clinical reasoning sessions
François Montastruc, Fabrice Muscari, Ivan Tack, Justine Benevent, Margaux Lafaurie, Claire de Canecaude, Haleh Bagheri, Fabien Despas, Christine Damase-Michel, Geneviève Durrieu, Agnès Sommet
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Enhancing Patient Safety: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Medical Interns’ Attitude and Knowledge About Medication Safety in Saudi Arabia
Raghad Hijazi, Hatouf Sukkarieh, Rami Bustami, Jibran Khan, Reema Aldhalaan
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of the Current State of Pharmacovigilance System in Pakistan Using Indicator-Based Assessment Tool
Muhammad Akhtar Abbas Khan, Saima Hamid, Tofeeq Ur-Rehman, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A National Survey of Community Pharmacists’ Viewpoints About Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Saudi Arabia
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N. Nchinech, Z. Lachhab, M. Obtel, Y. Cherrah, S. Serragui
Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises.2021; 79(3): 291. CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medical, Pharmacy, and Nursing Students Towards Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting at University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Masho Tigabe Tekel, Abaynesh Fentahun Bekalu, Faisel Dula Sema
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Quality assessment of individual case safety reports in pharmacovigilance in Burkina Faso
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Monira Alwhaibi, Ghaida Alhindi, Majd Alshamrani, Maryam Bin Essa, Noha A. Al Aloola, Tariq M. Alhawassi
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Knowledge, attitude and practices about pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions among dental research assistants in a Turkish hospital: a cross-sectional study
Yusuf KARATAŞ, Zakir KHAN, Ezgi Sena GÖREN ÖZAGİL, Ayşe Büşra ABUSSUUTOĞLU, Aykut PELİT, Elif KOÇAK
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Yun Mi Yu, Seungyeon Kim, Kyung Hee Choi, Kyeong Hye Jeong, Euni Lee
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Medical Principles and Practice.2018; 27(1): 30. CrossRef
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Rike van Eekeren, Leàn Rolfes, Andries S. Koster, Lara Magro, Gurumurthy Parthasarathi, Hussain Al Ramimmy, Tim Schutte, Daisuke Tanaka, Eugène van Puijenbroek, Linda Härmark
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The need for redesigned pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan: the perspectives of senior pharmacy students: Muhammad Umair Khan, Akram Ahmad, Kazim Hussain, Aqsa Salam, Zain-ul Hasnain, Isha Patel; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:27. Published online June 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.27

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
In Pakistan, courses in pharmacy practice, which are an essential component of the PharmD curriculum, were launched with the aim of strengthening pharmacy practice overall and enabling pharmacy students to cope with the challenges involved in meeting real-world healthcare needs. Since very little research has assessed the efficacy of such courses, we aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions of pharmacy practice courses and their opinions about whether their current knowledge of the topics covered in pharmacy practice courses is adequate for future practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over two months among the senior pharmacy students of two pharmacy colleges. A content- and face-validated questionnaire was used to collect data, which were then analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: Research in pharmacy practice (30.2%), applied drug information (34.4%), health policy (38.1%), public health and epidemiology (39.5%), pharmacovigilance (45.6%), and pharmacoeconomics (47.9%) were the major courses that were covered to the least extent in the PharmD curriculum. However, hospital pharmacy practice (94.4%), pharmacotherapeutics (88.8%), and community pharmacy practice (82.8%) were covered well. Although 94% of students considered these courses important, only 37.2% considered themselves to be competent in the corresponding topics. Of the participants, 87.9% agreed that the pharmacy courses in the present curriculum should be redesigned. Conclusion: Our results showed that the pharmacy practice courses in the current PharmD curriculum do not encompass some important core subjects. A nationwide study is warranted to further establish the necessity for remodelling pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan.

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Carlien Schmidt, Moliehi Matlala, Brian Godman, Amanj Kurdi, Johanna C. Meyer
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Gohar Qadeer, Mohamed Ezzat Khamis Amin
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Pharmacy Services beyond the Basics: A Qualitative Study to Explore Perspectives of Pharmacists towards Basic and Enhanced Pharmacy Services in Pakistan
Muhammad Atif, Wajiha Razzaq, Irem Mushtaq, Iram Malik, Madiha Razzaq, Shane Scahill, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
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Brief Report

Higher stress scores for female medical students measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) in Pakistan: Khadija Qamar, Muhammad Rizwan Bash Kiani, Aisha Ayyub, Atif Ahmed Khan, Mohammad Osama; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2014;11:27. Published online October 9, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.27

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Abstract PDF

The aim of this study was to determine the stress level of medical students and the relationship between stress and academic year. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at an undergraduate medical school with a five-year curriculum, in Pakistan, from January 2014 to April 2014. Medical students in the first four years were included in the study. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a self-administered questionnaire, was distributed to the students. A total of 445 medical students completed the questionnaire. The average stress score was 19.61 (SD = 6.76) with a range from 10 to 43. Stress was experienced by 169 students (41.7%). The scores of female students were higher than scores of males, indicating a higher stress level (P = 0.011). The relationship between stress and academic year was insignificant (P = 0.392).

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