Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Perceptions of team-based learning using the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument: an exploratory analysis amongst pharmacy and biomedical students in the United Kingdom: Prabha Parthasarathy, Bugewa Apampa, Andrea Manfrin; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:23. Published online August 21, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.23

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Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate students’ perception of team-based learning (TBL) amongst a cohort exposed to this methodology for the first time at a university in the United Kingdom.
Methods
Between November and December 2018, 26 first-year Master of Pharmacy and 90 second-year Biomedical Science students of the School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, United Kingdom were invited to participate and requested to complete a questionnaire that contained quantitative and qualitative questions. The quantitative component was based on the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI). It additionally contained questions about key student characteristics.
Results
The response rate was 60% (70 of 116); of the participants, 74% (n=52) were females and 26% (n=18) males. The percentage of agreement in the TBL-SAI suggested a favourable response to TBL. The overall mean score for the TBL-SAI was 115.6 (standard deviation, 5.6; maximum score, 140), which was above the threshold of 102, thus suggesting a preference for TBL. Statistically significant differences were not found according to demographic characteristics. Students who predicted a final grade of ≥70% strongly agreed that TBL helped improve their grades. Some students highlighted issues with working in teams, and only 56% of students agreed that they could learn better in a team setting.
Conclusion
This study shows that students exposed to TBL for the first time favoured several aspects of TBL. However, more focused strategies including team-building activities and expert facilitation skills could potentially tackle resistance to working in teams.

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Introducing Group Open-Book Exams as a Learning and Assessment Strategy in the Clinical Biochemistry Course for Medical Students
Basmah Eldakhakhny, Aliaa A Alamoudi, Hoda Gad, Yousef Almoghrabi, Taghreed Shamrani, Hussam Daghistani, Abdulhadi Bima, Ghada Ajabnoor, Fayza Alfayez, Ayman Elsamanoudy
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Team-Based Learning in oral pathology teaching: Analysis of students' perception and impact on academic performance
Lívia Gomes Véras Farias, Augusto César Leal da Silva Leonel, Danyel Elias da Cruz Pérez, Fábio Barbosa de Souza, Thayane Keyla de Souza Gomes, Elaine Judite de Amorim Carvalho
EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY.2023; (2): 345. CrossRef
Service learning and the medical student affective domain
Deborah Bartz, Andrea Pelletier, Erik K. Alexander, Nora Y. Osman, Natasha R. Johnson
The Clinical Teacher.2022; 19(3): 247. CrossRef
Applying team-based learning in a transnational post registration bachelor of nursing program in Singapore
Rob Burton, Thea van de Mortel, Victoria Kain
BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrating Team-Based Learning Modules to Improve Civil Engineering Students’ Technical Writing Skills
Shenghua Wu, Shenghua Zha, Sue Mattson
Journal of Civil Engineering Education.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
A conceptual model for students’ satisfaction with team-based learning using partial least squares structural equation modelling in a faculty of life sciences, in the United Kingdom
Andrea Manfrin, Bugewa Apampa, Prabha Parthasarathy
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2019; 16: 36. CrossRef

Identification and evaluation of the core elements of character education for medical students in Korea: Yera Hur, Keumho Lee; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:21. Published online August 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.21

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Purpose
Medicine requires uniquely high levels of motivation, ethics, and altruistic values and behavior. This study was conducted to redefine character education in medical education and to identify and evaluate the core elements of physicians’ character.
Methods
A 3-round Delphi survey was conducted among professors of medical education, physicians, experts from nursing schools, and a head nurse in Korea. A consultant group (CG) was formed to prepare the Delphi survey, discuss the research results, and set directions for future initiatives. The 3 rounds of the Delphi survey were conducted between September 2018 and February 2019.
Results
From the first-round Delphi survey, which inquired about the 10 key character elements required for medical students, a total of 420 elements were collected. The top 10 categories were selected and classified. After the second and third rounds of the Delphi consensus process and a series of CG meetings, the following 8 core categorical elements were identified: service and sacrifice, empathy and communication, care and respect, honesty and humility, responsibility and calling, collaboration and magnanimity, creativity and positivity, and patience and leadership. The average score of medical graduates for the core elements ranged from 2.45 to 3.46 (standard deviation, 0.23–0.60) on a 5-point Likert scale.
Conclusion
Eight core categorical elements of the character of medical students were identified. The results of this study can be used as a reference for establishing the goals and desired outcomes of character education at the level of undergraduate or graduate medical education.

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Defining Leadership in Undergraduate Medical Education, Networks, and Instructors: A Scoping Review
Pablo Rodríguez-Feria, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Suzanne Babich, Daniela Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fredy Leonardo Carreño Hernández, Luis Jorge Hernández Flórez
International Medical Education.2023; 2(1): 49. CrossRef
Divergence and Convergence of the Public Health Leadership Competency Framework Against Others in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Pablo Rodríguez-Feria, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Suzanne Babich, Daniela Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fredy Leonardo Carreño Hernández, Luis Jorge Hernández Flórez
Public Health Reviews.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a character qualities test for medical students in Korea using polytomous item response theory and factor analysis: a preliminary scale development study
Yera Hur, Dong Gi Seo
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2023; 20: 20. CrossRef
Medical students’ self-evaluation of character, and method of character education
Yera Hur, Sanghee Yeo, Keumho Lee
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Definition of character for medical education based on expert opinions in Korea
Yera Hur
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 26. CrossRef
Core elements of character education essential for doctors suggested by medical students in Korea: a preliminary study
Yera Hur, Keumho Lee
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2020; 17: 43. CrossRef

Satisfaction with and suitability of the problem-based learning program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine: Dong Mi Yoo, A Ra Cho, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:20. Published online July 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.20

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Purpose
This study was conducted to identify suggestions for improving the effectiveness and promoting the success of the current problem-based learning (PBL) program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine through a professor and student awareness survey.
Methods
A survey was carried out by sending out mobile Naver Form survey pages via text messages 3 times in December 2018, to 44 medical students and 74 professors. In addition, relevant official documents from the school administration were reviewed. The collected data were analyzed to identify the achievement of educational goals, overall satisfaction with, and operational suitability of the PBL program.
Results
The overall satisfaction scores for the PBL program were neutral (students, 3.27±0.95 vs. professors, 3.58±1.07; P=0.118). Regarding the achievement of educational goals, the integration of basic and clinical medicine and encouragement of learning motivation were ranked lowest. Many respondents expressed negative opinions about the modules (students, 25.0%; professors, 39.2%) and tutors (students, 54.5%; professors, 24.3%). The students and professors agreed that the offering timing of the program in medical school and the length of each phase were suitable, while opinions expressed in greater detail pointed to issues such as the classes being held too close to exams and their alignment with regular course units.
Conclusion
Issues with modules and tutors were the most pressing. Detailed and appropriate modules should be developed on the basis of advice from professors with experience in PBL tutoring. Inconsistencies in tutoring should be reduced by standardization and retraining.

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Effectiveness of problem-based learning methodology in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review
Joan Carles Trullàs, Carles Blay, Elisabet Sarri, Ramon Pujol
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Student and Tutor Satisfaction with Problem-Based Learning in Azerbaijan
Ulkar Sattarova, Wim Groot, Jelena Arsenijevic
Education Sciences.2021; 11(6): 288. CrossRef
A scoping review of clinical reasoning research with Asian healthcare professionals
Ching-Yi Lee, Chang-Chyi Jenq, Madawa Chandratilake, Julie Chen, Mi-Mi Chen, Hiroshi Nishigori, Gohar Wajid, Pai-Hsuang Yang, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Lynn Monrouxe
Advances in Health Sciences Education.2021; 26(5): 1555. CrossRef
Newly appointed medical faculty members’ self-evaluation of their educational roles at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine in 2020 and 2021: a cross-sectional survey-based study
Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 28. CrossRef

Development of a self-assessment tool for resident doctors’ communication skills in India: Upendra Baitha, Piyush Ranjan, Siddharth Sarkar, Charu Arora, Archana Kumari, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Asmita Patil, Nayer Jamshed; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:17. Published online June 24, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.17

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Purpose
Effective communication skills are essential for resident doctors to provide optimum patient care. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the self-assessment of resident doctors’ communication skills in India.
Methods
This was a mixed-methods study conducted in 2 phases. The first phase consisted of questionnaire development, including the identification of relevant literature, focus group discussions with residents and experts from clinical specialties, and pre-testing of the questionnaire. The second phase involved administering the questionnaire survey to 95 residents from the Departments of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, and Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India in April 2019. Internal consistency was tested and the factor structure was analyzed to test construct validity.
Results
The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: (A) 4 items on doctor-patient conflicts and the role of communication skills in avoiding these conflicts, (B) 29 items on self-assessment of communication skills in different settings, and (C) 8 items on barriers to practicing good communication skills. Sections B and C had good internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.885 and 0.771, respectively). Section C had a 2-factor solution, and the barriers were classified as ‘training’ and ‘infrastructure’ factors.
Conclusion
This appears to be a valid assessment tool of resident doctors’ communication skills, with potential utility for identifying gaps in communication skills and developing communication skills modules.

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Leveraging the vantage point – exploring nurses’ perception of residents’ communication skills: a mixed-methods study
Komal Abdul Rahim, Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir, Noreen Afzal, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Namra Qadeer Shaikh, Ali Aahil Noorali, Umar Tariq, Rida Ahmad, Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Saad bin Zafar Mahmood, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Muhammed Tariq, Adil H. Haider
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Developing a communication-skills training curriculum for resident-physicians to enhance patient outcomes at an academic medical centre: an ongoing mixed-methods study protocol
Hamna Shahbaz, Ali Aahil Noorali, Maha Inam, Namra Qadeer, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Adnan Ali Khan, Noreen Afzal, Komal Abdul Rahim, Ibrahim Munaf, Rida Ahmad, Muhammad Tariq, Adil H Haider
BMJ Open.2022; 12(8): e056840. CrossRef
A cross-sectional evaluation of communication skills and perceived barriers among the resident doctors at a tertiary care center in India
Amandeep Singh, Piyush Ranjan, Archana Kumari, Siddharth Sarkar, Tanveer Kaur, Ramesh Aggarwal, AshishDatt Upadhyay, Biswaroop Chakrawarty, Jamshed Nayer, Mohit Joshi, Avinash Chakrawarty
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2022; 11(1): 425. CrossRef
Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess preventive practices against COVID-19 pandemic in the general population
Ayush Agarwal, Piyush Ranjan, Priyanka Rohilla, Yellamraju Saikaustubh, Anamika Sahu, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Aakansha, Upendra Baitha, Arvind Kumar
Preventive Medicine Reports.2021; 22: 101339. CrossRef
Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Questionnaire to Assess Interpersonal Discord (Bullying, Harassment, and Discrimination) at the Workplace in a Healthcare Setting
Amandeep Singh, Piyush Ranjan, Tanveer Kaur, Siddharth Sarkar, Ashish D Upadhyay, Upendra Baitha, Prayas Sethi, Ranveer S Jadon, Pankaj Jorwal
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Workplace Violence in Healthcare Settings
Archana Kumari, Amandeep Singh, Piyush Ranjan, Siddharth Sarkar, Tanveer Kaur, Ashish D Upadhyay, Kirti Verma, Vignan Kappagantu, Ajay Mohan, Upendra Baitha
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The value of communicating with patients in their first language
Piyush Ranjan, Archana Kumari, Charu Arora
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research.2020; 20(6): 559. CrossRef

Perception of clinical educational environment by student of physiotherapy based on the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement Questionnaire in Chile: Karen Córdova-León, Lincoyán Fernández-Huerta, Marcela Rojas-Vargas; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:16. Published online June 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.16

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Purpose
It aimed at describing the perception of the clinical educational environment by physiotherapy students based on the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement Questionnaire in Chile.
Methods
The clinical education environment was evaluated according to the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) by 192 students originally enrolled in the fifth year of the physiotherapy career at 3 different headquarters of the academic institution: Santiago, Viña del Mar, and Concepcion Campus (Metropolitan, Valparaiso, and Bio Bio region, respectively), from March to October 2018. The Cronbach’s α was applied to measure the reliability of the instrument and the Student-t and analysis of variance tests were used to compare the differences of PHEEM scores by headquarters, environmental areas, and experience of internship.
Results
A total overall average score of 125.88 was obtained, which meant an excellent educational environment. The overall score was 127.6±22.7 for headquarters 1, 125.6±21.6 for headquarters 2, and 122.5±26.9 for headquarters 3. According to the type of establishment, the scores were of 127.1±22.1 for private and 123.5±26.3 for public institutes. According to the type of area, the score was cataloged as an excellent educational environment in all cases, except in the respiratory care area (lowest score, 117.5±29.1). Finally, the score was 126.9±20.5 for the first internship, 121.7±29.3 for the second, and 129.4±19.6 for the third.
Conclusion
There is relative homogeneity of the clinical educational environment for different headquarters, types of establishment, or type of area; but there are significant differences in the number of the internship. The promotion of a good clinical educational environment can have an important impact on the development and performance of the future professional, being the detection of negative aspects an opportunity to improve the hidden curriculum.

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KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS ABOUT SUPERVISION SKILLS DURING THE CLINICAL ROTATION OF INTERNSHIP
Dr. Tabish Fahim, Dr. Shadab Uddin
Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation.2021; 10(2): 31. CrossRef
Moroccan residents’ perceptions of the hospital learning environment measured with the French version of the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure
Hajar Berrani, Redouane Abouqal, Amal Thimou Izgua
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2020; 17: 4. CrossRef
Measuring the impact of oceanographic indices on species distribution shifts: The spatially varying effect of cold‐pool extent in the eastern Bering Sea
James T. Thorson
Limnology and Oceanography.2019; 64(6): 2632. CrossRef

Brief reports

No observed effect of a student-led mock objective structured clinical examination on subsequent performance scores in medical students in Canada: Lorenzo Madrazo, Claire Bo Lee, Meghan McConnell, Karima Khamisa, Debra Pugh; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:14. Published online May 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.14

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Student-led peer-assisted mock objective structured clinical examinations (MOSCEs) have been used in various settings to help students prepare for subsequent higher-stakes, faculty-run OSCEs. MOSCE participants generally valued feedback from peers and reported benefits to learning. Our study investigated whether participation in a peer-assisted MOSCE affected subsequent OSCE performance. To determine whether mean OSCE scores differed depending on whether medical students participated in the MOSCE, we conducted a between-subjects analysis of variance, with cohort (2016 vs. 2017) and MOSCE participation (MOSCE vs. no MOSCE) as independent variables and the mean OSCE score as the dependent variable. Participation in the MOSCE had no influence on mean OSCE scores (P=0.19). There was a significant correlation between mean MOSCE scores and mean OSCE scores (Pearson r=0.52, P<0.001). Although previous studies described self-reported benefits from participation in student-led MOSCEs, it was not associated with objective benefits in this study.

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Impact of familiarity with the format of the exam on performance in the OSCE of undergraduate medical students – an interventional study
Hannes Neuwirt, Iris E. Eder, Philipp Gauckler, Lena Horvath, Stefan Koeck, Maria Noflatscher, Benedikt Schaefer, Anja Simeon, Verena Petzer, Wolfgang M. Prodinger, Christoph Berendonk
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceived and actual value of Student‐led Objective Structured Clinical Examinations
Brandon Stretton, Adam Montagu, Aline Kunnel, Jenni Louise, Nathan Behrendt, Joshua Kovoor, Stephen Bacchi, Josephine Thomas, Ellen Davies
The Clinical Teacher.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Benefits of semiology taught using near-peer tutoring are sustainable
Benjamin Gripay, Thomas André, Marie De Laval, Brice Peneau, Alexandre Secourgeon, Nicolas Lerolle, Cédric Annweiler, Grégoire Justeau, Laurent Connan, Ludovic Martin, Loïc Bière
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification des facteurs associés à la réussite aux examens cliniques objectifs et structurés dans la faculté de médecine de Rouen
M. Leclercq, M. Vannier, Y. Benhamou, A. Liard, V. Gilard, I. Auquit-Auckbur, H. Levesque, L. Sibert, P. Schneider
La Revue de Médecine Interne.2022; 43(5): 278. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Experience of Peer-led Mock Objective Structured Practical Examination for First- and Second-year Medical Students
Faisal Alsaif, Lamia Alkuwaiz, Mohammed Alhumud, Reem Idris, Lina Neel, Mansour Aljabry, Mona Soliman
Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2022; Volume 13: 987. CrossRef
The use of a formative OSCE to prepare emergency medicine residents for summative OSCEs: a mixed-methods cohort study
Magdalene Hui Min Lee, Dong Haur Phua, Kenneth Wei Jian Heng
International Journal of Emergency Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Tutor–Student Partnership in Practice OSCE to Enhance Medical Education
Eve Cosker, Valentin Favier, Patrice Gallet, Francis Raphael, Emmanuelle Moussier, Louise Tyvaert, Marc Braun, Eva Feigerlova
Medical Science Educator.2021; 31(6): 1803. CrossRef
Peers as OSCE assessors for junior medical students – a review of routine use: a mixed methods study
Simon Schwill, Johanna Fahrbach-Veeser, Andreas Moeltner, Christiane Eicher, Sonia Kurczyk, David Pfisterer, Joachim Szecsenyi, Svetla Loukanova
BMC Medical Education.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

MEDTalks: a student-driven program to enhance undergraduate student understanding and interest in medical schools in Canada: Jayson Azzi, Dalia Karol, Tayler Bailey, Christopher Jerome Ramnanan; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:13. Published online May 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.13

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Given the lack of programs geared towards educating undergraduate students about medical school, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a medical student–driven initiative program, MEDTalks, enhanced undergraduate students’ understanding of medical school in Canada and stimulated their interest in pursuing medicine. The MEDTalks program, which ran between January and April 2018 at the University of Ottawa, consisted of 5 teaching sessions, each including large-group lectures, small-group case-based learning, physical skills tutorials, and anatomy lab demonstrations, to mimic the typical medical school curriculum. At the end of the program, undergraduate student learners were invited to complete a feedback questionnaire. Twenty-nine participants provided feedback, of whom 25 reported that MEDTalks allowed them to gain exposure to the University of Ottawa medical program; 27 said that it gave them a greater understanding of the teaching structure; and 25 responded that it increased their interest in attending medical school. The MEDTalks program successfully developed a greater understanding of medical school and helped stimulate interest in pursuing medical studies among undergraduate students.

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Assessing the Impact of Early Undergraduate Exposure to the Medical School Curriculum
Christiana M. Cornea, Gary Beck Dallaghan, Thomas Koonce
Medical Science Educator.2022; 32(1): 103. CrossRef

Research articles

Factors influencing the career preferences of medical students and interns: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey from India: Ruban Anand, Prakash Somi Sankaran; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:12. Published online May 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.12

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Purpose
The study aimed to identify the motivational factors and demographic variables influencing the career preferences of medical students in India.
Methods
We conducted a questionnaire-based survey at Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. The participants were 368 of the 460 medical students and interns enrolled at the institution from October 2015 to August 2016. We designed the questionnaire to collect demographic data, students’ preferences for career specialties, and the motivational factors influencing them. Then, we analyzed the influence of these factors and demographic variables on career preferences using regression analysis.
Results
Of the 368 respondents, 356 (96.7%) expressed their intention to pursue a residency program after the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program, and about two-thirds indicated their preference to do so in India. The specialties most preferred by students were general surgery, general medicine (internal medicine), and pediatrics, while the least preferred were anatomy, obstetrics and gynecology, and community medicine. Factor analysis yielded three motivational factors, which we named ‘personal growth,’ ‘professional growth,’ and ‘personal satisfaction’ based on the items loaded in each. The motivational factors were predicted by demographic variables (gender, geographical background, current stage in the MBBS program, and the presence of relatives in the health professions). Demographic variables and the motivational factors also had significant influences on career preferences.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into the motivational factors that influence the career preferences of Indian medical students and interns. A robust longitudinal study would be required to study intra-individual variations in preferences and the persistence of choices.

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İbrahim Deniz CANBEYLİ, Meriç ÇIRPAR
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2020; 3(4): 395. CrossRef

Perceptions of the educational environment among undergraduate physical therapy students in a competency-based curriculum at the University of Chile: Pablo Quiroga-Marabolí, Marcela Andrea Antúnez-Riveros, Marcela Aguirre-Jerez, Alvaro Besoain Saldaña, José Peralta-Camposano, María Pilar Ruiz de Gauna Bahillo; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:9. Published online April 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.9

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Purpose
This study aimed to assess the educational environment (EE) among students in a physical therapy undergraduate program, to identify patterns in EE perceptions among the students by year, and to determine issues that should be addressed.
Methods
The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to explore the relationships among the total mean score, subscales, and items in a competency-based curriculum in the physical therapy program at the University of Chile. The DREEM questionnaire was filled out by 166 of 244 students (68.03%), of whom 56.6% were men and 43.4% were women, with 75.9% between 19 and 23 years of age.
Results
The total mean score (120.9/200) indicated that the EE was perceived as ‘more positive than negative.’ There were significant differences (P<0.05) between first-year students (113.41), who reported the lowest total mean score, and fourth-year students (126.60), who had the highest total mean score. Students rated their EE favorably on each subscale except social self-perceptions, which second-year students rated as ‘not too bad,’ and for which first-, third-, and fourth-year students gave a rating corresponding to ‘not a nice place.’ On the perceptions of teachers subscale, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between first-year students (28.05/44) and fourth-year students (32.24/44) and between second-year students (28.72/44) and fourth-year students (32.24/44). On the academic self-perceptions subscale, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between first-year students (18.12/32) and second-year (21.68/32), third-year (22.33/32), and fourth-year students (21.87/32).
Conclusion
Physical therapy students at the University of Chile had positive perceptions of their EE. First-year students rated the largest number of items as problematic. Improvements are required across the program in the specific subscales mentioned above.

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Perspective of educational environment on students’ perception of teaching and learning
Falguni Singh, Monika Saini, Ashish Kumar, Seeram Ramakrishna, Mousumi Debnath
Learning Environments Research.2023; 26(2): 337. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Educational Environment Based on the Perception of Occupational Therapy (OT) Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran (2013 - 2020)
Sahar Ghanbari, Ali Reza Jamali, Somaye Kavousipor
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Teaching Hospital Characteristic in Achievement of Doctor Competency in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
S A T S Estri, A Majdawati, W Kusumawati
Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2020; 1471(1): 012038. CrossRef
Perception of clinical educational environment by student of physiotherapy based on the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement Questionnaire in Chile
Karen Córdova-León, Lincoyán Fernández-Huerta, Marcela Rojas-Vargas
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2019; 16: 16. CrossRef

Development and validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale for health professions personnel in the United States: Kevin Spencer, Hon Keung Yuen, Max Darwin, Gavin Jenkins, Kimberly Kirklin; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:8. Published online April 10, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.8

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229 Download
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Purpose
This study was conducted to describe the development and validation of the Hocus Focus Magic Performance Evaluation Scale (HFMPES), which is used to evaluate the competency of health professions personnel in delivering magic tricks as a therapeutic modality.
Methods
A 2-phase validation process was used. Phase I (content validation) involved 16 magician judges who independently rated the relevance of each of the 5 items in the HFMPES and established the veracity of its content. Phase II evaluated the psychometric properties of the HFMPES. This process involved 2 magicians using the HFMPES to independently evaluate 73 occupational therapy graduate students demonstrating 3 magic tricks.
Results
The HFMPES achieved an excellent scale-content validity index of 0.99. Exploratory factor analysis of the HFMPES scores revealed 1 distinct factor with alpha coefficients ≥0.8 across the 3 magic tricks. The construct validity of the HFMPES scores was further supported by evidence from a known-groups analysis, in which the Mann–Whitney U-test showed significant difference in HFMPES scores between participants with different levels of experience in delivering the 3 magic tricks. The inter-rater reliability coefficients were ≥0.75 across the 3 magic tricks, indicating that the competency of health professions personnel in delivering the 3 magic tricks could be evaluated precisely.
Conclusion
Preliminary evidence supported the content and construct validity of the HFMPES, which was found to have good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability in evaluating health professions personnel’s competency in delivering magic tricks.

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A Magic Trick Training Program to Improve Social Skills and Self-Esteem in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hon K. Yuen, Kevin Spencer, Lauren Edwards, Kimberly Kirklin, Gavin R. Jenkins
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
MAGNITIVE: Effectiveness and Feasibility of a Cognitive Training Program Through Magic Tricks for Children With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. A Second Clinical Trial in Community Settings
Saray Bonete, Ángela Osuna, Clara Molinero, Inmaculada García-Font
Frontiers in Psychology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Contribution of a virtual magic camp to enhancing self-esteem in children with ADHD: A pilot study
Hon K. Yuen, Kevin Spencer, Kimberly Kirklin, Lauren Edwards, Gavin R. Jenkins
Health Psychology Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of a Magic Camp for Children with Hemiparesis: A Pilot Study
Kevin Spencer, Hon K. Yuen, Gavin R. Jenkins, Kimberly Kirklin, Angla R. Griffin, Laura K. Vogtle, Drew Davis
Occupational Therapy In Health Care.2020; 34(2): 155. CrossRef

An expert-led and artificial intelligence system-assisted tutoring course to improve the confidence of Chinese medical interns in suturing and ligature skills: a prospective pilot study: Ying-Ying Yang, Boaz Shulruf; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:7. Published online April 10, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.7

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Purpose
Lack of confidence in suturing/ligature skills due to insufficient practice and assessments is common among novice Chinese medical interns. This study aimed to improve the skill acquisition of medical interns through a new intervention program.
Methods
In addition to regular clinical training, expert-led or expert-led plus artificial intelligence (AI) system tutoring courses were implemented during the first 2 weeks of the surgical block. Interns could voluntarily join the regular (no additional tutoring), expert-led tutoring, or expert-led+AI tutoring groups freely. In the regular group, interns (n=25) did not receive additional tutoring. The expert-led group received 3-hour expert-led tutoring and in-training formative assessments after 2 practice sessions. After a similar expert-led course, the expert-led+AI group (n=23) practiced and assessed their skills on an AI system. Through a comparison with the internal standard, the system automatically recorded and evaluated every intern’s suturing/ligature skills. In the expert-led+AI group, performance and confidence were compared between interns who participated in 1, 2, or 3 AI practice sessions.
Results
The end-of-surgical block objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) performance and self-assessed confidence in suturing/ligature skills were highest in the expert-led+AI group. In comparison with the expert-led group, the expert-led+AI group showed similar performance in the in-training assessment and greater improvement in the end-of-surgical block OSCE. In the expert-led+AI group, the best performance and highest post-OSCE confidence were noted in those who engaged in 3 AI practice sessions.
Conclusion
This pilot study demonstrated the potential value of incorporating an additional expert-led+AI system–assisted tutoring course into the regular surgical curriculum.

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Automated measurement extraction for assessing simple suture quality in medical education
Thanapon Noraset, Prawej Mahawithitwong, Wethit Dumronggittigule, Pongthep Pisarnturakit, Cherdsak Iramaneerat, Chanean Ruansetakit, Irin Chaikangwan, Nattanit Poungjantaradej, Nutcha Yodrabum
Expert Systems with Applications.2024; 241: 122722. CrossRef
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Enes Ayan, Yusuf Bayraktar, Çiğdem Çelik, Baturalp Ayhan
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Development of Artificial Intelligence–Teaching Assistant System for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Yanika Kowitlawakul, Jocelyn Jie Min Tan, Siriwan Suebnukarn, Hoang D. Nguyen, Danny Chiang Choon Poo, Joseph Chai, Devi M. Kamala, Wenru Wang
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Systematic literature review on opportunities, challenges, and future research recommendations of artificial intelligence in education
Thomas K.F. Chiu, Qi Xia, Xinyan Zhou, Ching Sing Chai, Miaoting Cheng
Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence.2023; 4: 100118. CrossRef
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Interactive Learning Environments.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Application value of an artificial intelligence-based diagnosis and recognition system in gastroscopy training for graduate students in gastroenterology: a preliminary study
Peng An, Zhongqiu Wang
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Technological advancements in surgical laparoscopy considering artificial intelligence: a survey among surgeons in Germany
Sebastian Lünse, Eric L. Wisotzky, Sophie Beckmann, Christoph Paasch, Richard Hunger, René Mantke
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in medical education: A pan-India cross-sectional observation of acceptance and understanding among students
Vipul Sharma, Uddhave Saini, Varun Pareek, Lokendra Sharma, Susheel Kumar
Scripta Medica.2023; 54(4): 343. CrossRef
Artificial Intelligence Methods and Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Metrics for Surgical Education: A Multidisciplinary Consensus
S Swaroop Vedula, Ahmed Ghazi, Justin W Collins, Carla Pugh, Dimitrios Stefanidis, Ozanan Meireles, Andrew J Hung, Steven Schwaitzberg, Jeffrey S Levy, Ajit K Sachdeva
Journal of the American College of Surgeons.2022; 234(6): 1181. CrossRef
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Mathieu Pecqueux, Carina Riediger, Marius Distler, Florian Oehme, Ulrich Bork, Fiona R. Kolbinger, Oliver Schöffski, Peter van Wijngaarden, Jürgen Weitz, Johannes Schweipert, Christoph Kahlert
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
TIPTA YAPAY ZEKA UYGULAMALARI
Hatice KELEŞ
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Peng-ran Liu, Lin Lu, Jia-yao Zhang, Tong-tong Huo, Song-xiang Liu, Zhe-wei Ye
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Attitudes toward rehabilitating inmates among occupational therapy students in the United States: Sarah Catherine Tucker, Hon Keung Yuen; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:6. Published online March 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.6

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Purpose
This study was to examine occupational therapy (OT) students’ attitudes toward rehabilitating inmates and validate an instrument used to measure their attitudes.
Methods
OT students (n=128) from one university in Alabama, United States, completed an online survey exploring their attitudes toward rehabilitating inmates, which was assessed using the Rehabilitation Orientation Scale (ROS), a 7-point scale. Dimensional structure, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and relations to other variables of the ROS was evaluated using factor analyses, Cronbach’s alpha, known-groups method, and univariable correlations, respectively.
Results
Unidimensionality of the ROS was confirmed with an alpha coefficient of 0.90. The mean ROS score of the respondents was 5.1; a score toward 7 indicated a more supportive attitude. About 60% of the respondents reported supportive attitudes (i.e., an ROS score ≥5). Respondents’ ROS scores were significantly higher than those of the public and criminal justice professionals. Female students reported a more supportive attitude than males. Multiple regression analysis indicated that respondents’ consideration of working in prison settings after graduation and their perception that OT has a role in prison settings were significantly associated with support for rehabilitating inmates, after controlling for gender and an acquaintance with someone who has been incarcerated.
Conclusion
Results indicated that the ROS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties as it applied to this population. The majority of respondents reported supportive attitudes toward rehabilitating inmates. Consideration of working in prison settings after graduation and the perception that OT has a role in prison settings were 2 independent factors associated with respondents’ attitudes toward rehabilitating inmates.

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Justice-Based Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review
Jaime P. Muñoz, Abigail Catalano, Yinao Wang, Gesina A. Phillips
Annals of International Occupational Therapy.2020; 3(4): 162. CrossRef

Preadmission predictors of graduation success from a physical therapy education program in the United States: Gretchen Roman, Matthew Paul Buman; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:5. Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.5

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The field of physical therapy education is seeking an evidence-based approach for admitting qualified applicants, as previous research has assessed various outcomes, impeding practical application. This study was conducted to identify preadmission criteria predictive of graduation success.
Methods
Data from the 2013–2016 graduating cohorts (n=149) were collected. Predictors included verbal Graduate Record Examination rank percentile (VGRE%), quantitative GRE rank percentile, and analytical GRE rank percentile, the admissions interview, precumulative science grade point average (SGPA), precumulative grade point average (UGPA), and a reflective essay. The National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) and grade point average at the time of graduation (GGPA) were used as measures of graduation success. Two separate mixed-effects models determined the associations of preadmission predictors with NPTE performance and GGPA.
Results
The NPTE model fit comparison showed significant results (degrees of freedom [df]=10, P=0.001), decreasing within-cohort variance by 59.5%. NPTE performance were associated with GGPA (β=125.21, P=0.001), and VGRE%, the interview, the essay, and GGPA (P≤0.001) impacted the model fit. The GGPA model fit comparison did not show significant results (df=8, P=0.56), decreasing within-cohort variance by 16.4%. The GGPA was associated with the interview (β=0.02, P=0.04) and UGPA (β=0.25, P=0.04), and VGRE%, the interview, UGPA, and the essay (P≤0.02) impacted model fit.
Conclusion
In our findings, GGPA predicted NPTE performance, and the interview and UGPA predicted GGPA. Unlike past evidence, SGPA showed no predictive power. The essay and VGRE% warrant attention because of their influence on model fit. We recommend that admissions ranking matrices place a greater weight on the interview, UGPA, VGRE%, and essay.

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A Comparison of Physical Therapist Educational Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Study
Evan M. Pucillo, Jennifer Crowder, Catherine M. Andrea, Sean Brim, Leiselle Pilgrim, Norman Belleza
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Variables Used in Physical Therapist Education Program Admissions Part 2: Noncognitive Variables
Andrea N. Bowens
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Examining the Early Academic Performance of Doctor of Physical Therapy Students After Holistic Review: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Megan Eikenberry
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Detecting Artificial Intelligence-Generated Personal Statements in Professional Physical Therapist Education Program Applications: A Lexical Analysis
John H Hollman, Beth A Cloud-Biebl, David A Krause, Darren Q Calley
Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictors of National Physical Therapy Examination Failure in Graduates of a Blended Doctor of Physical Therapy Program
Melissa J. Lazinski, Kathleen Rockefeller, M. Samuel Cheng
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2023; 37(1): 52. CrossRef
Predictors of clinical experience performance in occupational therapy and physiotherapy: A scoping review
Heidi M. Horwitz, Linda R. Struckmeyer, Kevin L. MacPherson, Jane Morgan‐Daniel, Grace Gerry, Christine Myers
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal.2023; 70(4): 514. CrossRef
Predictors of Success in the National Physical Therapy Examination for Hispanic Doctor of Physical Therapy Students
Kristian J. Pamias-Velázquez, Brent Harper
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2023; 37(3): 243. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Variables Used in Physical Therapist Education Program Admissions Part 1: Cognitive Variables
Andrea N. Bowens
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictors of Success on the National Physical Therapy Examination in 2 US Accelerated-Hybrid Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs
Breanna Reynolds, Casey Unverzagt, Alex Koszalinski, Roberta Gatlin, Jill Seale, Kendra Gagnon, Kareaion Eaton, Shane L. Koppenhaver
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2022; 36(3): 225. CrossRef
Predicting graduate student performance – A case study
Jinghua Nie, Ashrafee Hossain
Journal of Further and Higher Education.2021; 45(4): 524. CrossRef
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Bijoyaa Mohapatra, Ranjini Mohan
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Doctor of Physical Therapy Student Grit as a Predictor of Academic Success: A Pilot Study
Rebecca Bliss, Erin Jacobson
Health Professions Education.2020; 6(4): 522. CrossRef

Comparison of the effects of simulated patient clinical skill training and student roleplay on objective structured clinical examination performance among medical students in Australia: Silas Taylor, Matthew Haywood, Boaz Shulruf; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:3. Published online January 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.3

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Purpose
Optimal methods for communication skills training (CST) are an active research area, but the effects of CST on communication performance in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) has not been closely studied. Student roleplay (RP) for CST is common, although volunteer simulated patient (SP) CST is cost-effective and provides authentic interactions. We assessed whether our volunteer SP CST program improved OSCE performance compared to our previous RP strategy.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, quasi-experimental study of 2 second-year medical student cohorts’ OSCE data in Australia. The 2014 cohort received RP-only CST (N=182) while the 2016 cohort received SP-only CST (N=148). The t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the total scores in 3 assessment domains: generic communication, clinical communication, and physical examination/procedural skills.
Results
The baseline characteristics of groups (scores on the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank, Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test, and medicine program interviews) showed no significant differences between groups. For each domain, the SP-only CST group demonstrated superior OSCE outcomes, and the difference between cohorts was significant (P<0.01). The superiority of volunteer SP CST over student RP CST in terms of OSCE performance outcomes was found for generic communication, clinical communication, and physical examination/procedural skills.
Conclusion
The better performance of the SP cohort in physical examination/procedural skills might be explained by the requirement for patient compliance and cooperation, facilitated by good generic communication skills. We recommend a volunteer SP program as an effective and efficient way to improve CST among junior medical students.

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Elizabeth C. Ward, Emma Caird, Saval Khanal, Sanjeewa Kularatna, Joshua Byrnes, Adriana Penman, Sue Mcallister, Stacey Baldac, Elizabeth Cardell, Rachel Davenport, Bronwyn Davidson, Sally Hewat, Simone Howells, Patricia Mccabe, Alison Purcell, Joanne Walt
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2023; 25(5): 688. CrossRef
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Lukáš Plch, Daniel Barvík, Tereza Prokopová, Aneta Pilátová, Tereza Vafková, Jiří Zounek
SN Social Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Marie Amitani, Haruka Amitani, Hajime Suzuki, Suguru Kawazu, Kimiko Mizuma, Kojiro Yamaguchi, Toshimichi Oki, Hideaki Nitta, Takuro Sonoda, Keiko Kawano, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Nanami Uto, Rie Ibusuki, Ryutaro Arita, Shin Takayama, Tadamichi Mitsuma, Toshiro Ta
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Stanislaw Gorski, Anna Prokop-Dorner, Michal Pers, Agata Stalmach-Przygoda, Łukasz Malecki, Grzegorz Cebula, Katrien Bombeke, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães Abreu
BioMed Research International.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Improved detection of patient centeredness in objective structured clinical examinations through authentic scenario design
Kye-Yeung Park, Hoon-Ki Park, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Sang-Ho Yoo, Jae-Sook Ryu, Jong-Hoon Kim
Patient Education and Counseling.2021; 104(5): 1094. CrossRef
Interventions for improving medical students' interpersonal communication in medical consultations
Conor Gilligan, Martine Powell, Marita C Lynagh, Bernadette M Ward, Chris Lonsdale, Pam Harvey, Erica L James, Dominique Rich, Sari P Dewi, Smriti Nepal, Hayley A Croft, Jonathan Silverman
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Empirical analysis comparing the tele-objective structured clinical examination and the in-person assessment in Australia
Jonathan Zachary Felthun, Silas Taylor, Boaz Shulruf, Digby Wigram Allen
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 23. CrossRef
Raising rare disease awareness using red flags, role play simulation and patient educators: results of a novel educational workshop on Raynaud phenomenon and systemic sclerosis
S. Sanges, M.-M. Farhat, M. Assaraf, J. Galland, E. Rivière, C. Roubille, M. Lambert, C. Yelnik, H. Maillard, V. Sobanski, G. Lefèvre, D. Launay, S. Morell-Dubois, E. Hachulla
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Improved clinical communication OSCE scores after simulation-based training: Results of a comparative study
Alexandre Nuzzo, Alexy Tran-Dinh, Marie Courbebaisse, Hugo Peyre, Patrick Plaisance, Alexandre Matet, Brigitte Ranque, Albert Faye, Victoire de Lastours, Conor Gilligan
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(9): e0238542. CrossRef
Comparison of students' performance of objective structured clinical examination during clinical practice
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Korean Journal of Medical Education.2020; 32(3): 231. CrossRef

Brief Report

Personality-oriented job analysis to identify non-cognitive factors predictive of performance in a doctor of physical therapy program in the United States: Maureen Conard, Kristin Schweizer; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:34. Published online December 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.34

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This study aimed to conduct a personality-oriented job analysis to identify non-cognitive factors that may predict successful performance or performance difficulties in doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students. The study employed focus groups and a survey with 9 DPT subject matter experts. The focus group participants, who included 3 DPT faculty members and 4 recent graduates of the DPT program, identified 22 non-cognitive factors. Fifteen of these factors were thought to be possibly associated with successful performance and 7 factors were thought to be possibly associated with performance difficulties. Administration of a questionnaire employing the combination job analysis method resulted in 12 factors that could be used in selection, and 10 that could be incorporated into training. The present study employed an established job analysis method using subject matter experts to identify a broad array of factors that go beyond what previous studies have examined, and which may predict success or difficulties in a DPT program.

Citations

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A Systematic Review of Variables Used in Physical Therapist Education Program Admissions Part 2: Noncognitive Variables
Andrea N. Bowens
Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship of non-cognitive factors to academic and clinical performance in graduate rehabilitation science students in the United States: a systematic review
Kelly Reynolds, Caroline Bazemore, Cannon Hanebuth, Steph Hendren, Maggie Horn
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 31. CrossRef

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