-
Opportunities, challenges, and future directions of large language models, including ChatGPT in medical education: a systematic scoping review
-
Xiaojun Xu
 , Yixiao Chen, Jing Miao
-
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2024;21:6. Published online March 15, 2024
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2024.21.6
-
-
9,790
View
-
685
Download
-
24
Web of Science
-
28
Crossref
-
 Abstract
 PDF Supplementary Material
- Background
ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) based on artificial intelligence (AI) capable of responding in multiple languages and generating nuanced and highly complex responses. While ChatGPT holds promising applications in medical education, its limitations and potential risks cannot be ignored.
Methods
A scoping review was conducted for English articles discussing ChatGPT in the context of medical education published after 2022. A literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and information was extracted from the relevant studies that were ultimately included.
Results
ChatGPT exhibits various potential applications in medical education, such as providing personalized learning plans and materials, creating clinical practice simulation scenarios, and assisting in writing articles. However, challenges associated with academic integrity, data accuracy, and potential harm to learning were also highlighted in the literature. The paper emphasizes certain recommendations for using ChatGPT, including the establishment of guidelines. Based on the review, 3 key research areas were proposed: cultivating the ability of medical students to use ChatGPT correctly, integrating ChatGPT into teaching activities and processes, and proposing standards for the use of AI by medical students.
Conclusion
ChatGPT has the potential to transform medical education, but careful consideration is required for its full integration. To harness the full potential of ChatGPT in medical education, attention should not only be given to the capabilities of AI but also to its impact on students and teachers.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - AI-assisted patient education: Challenges and solutions in pediatric kidney transplantation
MZ Ihsan, Dony Apriatama, Pithriani, Riza Amalia
Patient Education and Counseling.2025; 131: 108575. CrossRef - Exploring predictors of AI chatbot usage intensity among students: Within- and between-person relationships based on the technology acceptance model
Anne-Kathrin Kleine, Insa Schaffernak, Eva Lermer
Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans.2025; 3: 100113. CrossRef - AI-powered standardised patients: evaluating ChatGPT-4o’s impact on clinical case management in intern physicians
Selcen Öncü, Fulya Torun, Hilal Hatice Ülkü
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - UsmleGPT: An AI application for developing MCQs via multi-agent system
Zhehan Jiang, Shicong Feng
Software Impacts.2025; 23: 100742. CrossRef - ChatGPT’s Performance on Portuguese Medical Examination Questions: Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-3.5 Turbo and ChatGPT-4o Mini
Filipe Prazeres
JMIR Medical Education.2025; 11: e65108. CrossRef - Transforming medical education: leveraging large language models to enhance PBL—a proof-of-concept study
Shoukat Ali Arain, Shahid Akhtar Akhund, Muhammad Abrar Barakzai, Sultan Ayoub Meo
Advances in Physiology Education.2025; 49(2): 398. CrossRef - Integrating artificial intelligence into pre-clinical medical education: challenges, opportunities, and recommendations
Birgit Pohn, Lars Mehnen, Sebastian Fitzek, Kyung-Eun (Anna) Choi, Ralf J. Braun, Sepideh Hatamikia
Frontiers in Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluating the Accuracy and Reliability of Large Language Models (ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek, Gemini, Grok, and Le Chat) in Answering Item-Analyzed Multiple-Choice Questions on Blood Physiology
Mayank Agarwal, Priyanka Sharma, Pinaki Wani
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Artificial intelligence-assisted academic writing: recommendations for ethical use
Adam Cheng, Aaron Calhoun, Gabriel Reedy
Advances in Simulation.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - University Educators Perspectives on ChatGPT: A Technology Acceptance Model-Based Study
Muna Barakat, Nesreen A. Salim, Malik Sallam
Open Praxis.2025; 17(1): 129. CrossRef - Knowledge and use, perceptions of benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence chatbots among Italian physiotherapy students: a cross-sectional national study
Fabio Tortella, Alvisa Palese, Andrea Turolla, Greta Castellini, Paolo Pillastrini, Maria Gabriella Landuzzi, Chad Cook, Giovanni Galeoto, Giuseppe Giovannico, Lia Rodeghiero, Silvia Gianola, Giacomo Rossettini
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Digital and Intelligence Education in Medicine: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer
Bing Xiang Yang, FuLing Zhou, Nan Bai, Sichen Zhou, Chunyan Luo, Qing Wang, Arkers Kwan Ching Wong, Frances Lin
Frontiers of Digital Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Prompts, privacy, and personalized learning: integrating AI into nursing education—a qualitative study
Mingyan Shen, Yanping Shen, Fangchi Liu, Jiawen Jin
BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The role of ChatGPT-4o in differential diagnosis and management of vertigo-related disorders
Xu Liu, Suming Shi, Xin Zhang, Qianwen Gao, Wuqing Wang
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Situating governance and regulatory concerns for generative artificial intelligence and large language models in medical education
Michael Tran, Chinthaka Balasooriya, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung, Neeraj Mahboobani, Subha Ramani, Joel Rhee, Lambert Schuwirth, Neysan Sedaghat Najafzadeh-Tabrizi, Carolyn Semmler, Zoie SY Wong
npj Digital Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Chatbots in neurology and neuroscience: Interactions with students, patients and neurologists
Stefano Sandrone
Brain Disorders.2024; 15: 100145. CrossRef - ChatGPT in education: unveiling frontiers and future directions through systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
Buddhini Amarathunga
Asian Education and Development Studies.2024; 13(5): 412. CrossRef - Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 on the Taiwan plastic surgery board examination
Ching-Hua Hsieh, Hsiao-Yun Hsieh, Hui-Ping Lin
Heliyon.2024; 10(14): e34851. CrossRef - Preparing for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) in Health Professions Education: AMEE Guide No. 172
Ken Masters, Anne Herrmann-Werner, Teresa Festl-Wietek, David Taylor
Medical Teacher.2024; 46(10): 1258. CrossRef - A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Medical Faculty Graduates in Medical Specialization Exams: Uncovering the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education
Gülcan Gencer, Kerem Gencer
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Research ethics and issues regarding the use of ChatGPT-like artificial intelligence platforms by authors and reviewers: a narrative review
Sang-Jun Kim
Science Editing.2024; 11(2): 96. CrossRef - Innovation Off the Bat: Bridging the ChatGPT Gap in Digital Competence among English as a Foreign Language Teachers
Gulsara Urazbayeva, Raisa Kussainova, Aikumis Aibergen, Assel Kaliyeva, Gulnur Kantayeva
Education Sciences.2024; 14(9): 946. CrossRef - Exploring the perceptions of Chinese pre-service teachers on the integration of generative AI in English language teaching: Benefits, challenges, and educational implications
Ji Young Chung, Seung-Hoon Jeong
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies.2024; 14(4): e202457. CrossRef - Unveiling the bright side and dark side of AI-based ChatGPT : a bibliographic and thematic approach
Chandan Kumar Tiwari, Mohd. Abass Bhat, Abel Dula Wedajo, Shagufta Tariq Khan
Journal of Decision Systems.2024; : 1. CrossRef - Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education and Mentoring in Rehabilitation Medicine
Julie K. Silver, Mustafa Reha Dodurgali, Nara Gavini
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2024; 103(11): 1039. CrossRef - The Potential of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Reducing Uncertainty in Medicine and Directions for Medical Education
Sauliha Rabia Alli, Soaad Qahhār Hossain, Sunit Das, Ross Upshur
JMIR Medical Education.2024; 10: e51446. CrossRef - A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on Applying Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education
Xin Zhang, Peng Zhang, Yuan Shen, Min Liu, Qiong Wang, Dragan Gašević, Yizhou Fan
Frontiers of Digital Education.2024; 1(3): 223. CrossRef - Artificial intelligence in medical problem-based learning: opportunities and challenges
Yaoxing Chen, Hong Qi, Yu Qiu, Juan Li, Liang Zhu, Xiaoling Gao, Hao Wang, Gan Jiang
Global Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
|
KHPLEI
