Abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an educational program in family medicine for general practitioners in Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2011. A continuing medical education program called Family Medicine Education (FAME) was developed with 7 modules each consisting of 12-14 hours of teaching to be delivered in 3 day blocks, over 45 days. Twenty percent (2,761) of all general practitioners participated in the FAME program. Initial assessment of the program showed significant improvement of knowledge from scores of 49% on a pre-test to 89% on post-tests. FAME program in Saudi Arabia facilitated primary care physicians’ knowledge.
-
Keywords: Primary care; Family medicine; Continuing medical education; Implementation; Physician education
Health care is free in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with government-funded primary care centers being the first point of access for the citizens of Saudi Arabia, the large expatriate community, and to around 100,000 immigrants entering the country every year [1]. Rural areas, as well as urban areas, are equipped with primary care centers with patient loads of around 21.5 physicians per 10,000 patients [2]. Primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia, including general practitioners (GPs) and family physicians, have different postgraduate training and differ in their ability to provide primary healthcare services. The majority of primary care services in Saudi Arabia are provided by foreign- trained general practitioners with minimal to no training in family medicine. Family medicine as a career choice does not seem attractive to new doctors and only a small proportion of medical students are choosing family medicine as a career [3]. As such, the current shortage of adequately trained primary health care physicians in Saudi Arabia will continue. In 1998, of 2,704 physicians in the Riyadh region, only 21.8% were from Saudi Arabia, with similar ratios across the country [4]. The lack of well-trained physicians in primary care is a major threat to health care access in Saudi Arabia. Providing all GPs with 1-2 years of family medicine training or replacing all GPs with family physicians are not feasible options. As such, providing regular continuing medical education (CME) for general practitioners to upgrade and maintain their knowledge, skills, and attitudes has been considered a feasible option to improve access to good quality health care. The Centre for Postgraduate Studies in Family Medicine developed a condensed educational course called Family Medicine Education (FAME) to train general practitioners in Saudi Arabia. This paper aims to introduce the development and the evaluation of the educational program in family medicine for general practitioners in Saudi Arabia.
The project proposal was developed by the authors in 2008 as a 6-month certificate program in Family Medicine for General Practitioners, as requested by the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia. Programs were based on published reports from the World Health Organization and discussions with both family physicians and general practitioners in Saudi Arabia. The FAME program has been offered free of charge to all GPs by the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia. All GPs working in Saudi Arabia were invited to participate in this course; it was not a mandatory requirement. The initial courses and many of the subsequent courses were taught by the number of family physicians including two of the authors (SAA, ZA). The number of teachers had to be increased as the program expanded, with 54 teachers being involved in teaching in 2012. All of the teachers attended a ‘train the trainer’ workshop to familiarize themselves with the content and format of teaching the FAME program. Two multiple choice examinations were conducted before and after the course to assess knowledge gain. There were 30 multiple choice items to test knowledge. The questions on knowledge testing were selected from the question bank from the Postgraduate Institute of Family Medicine and had been validated earlier for use in family medicine examinations. All of the questions were piloted with family physicians and modified as needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
Content of program
- The following general and specific content was chosen [5]. The first 2 modules discussed an introduction to family medicine and the general concepts of family medicine, followed by 4 modules on common problems in family medicine: chronic illnesses; communicable diseases in adults and children; neurological,
musculoskeletal, and mental health diseases; and
gynecological diseases and obstetric care. The last module also
covered professional development in family medicine (Fig. 1).
The content and format were reviewed, edited, and approved
by 23 family physicians. The details of the modules are described
in Appendix 1. Each module of the course consists of 5 lectures,
6 small group sessions, and 4 practice cases taught over
3 full days. The course was designed to give theoretical information
and practical skills on some of the main concepts of
family medicine, and included the definition and scope of
family medicine, communication skills, consultation and referral
skills, and the clinical practice of family medicine. Each
topic area starts with a lecture followed by group work, discussions,
and other interactive learning activities. The small
group learning sessions provided ample opportunity to give
practical information that could be applied to patient care.
The approximate division of the total learning time was as follows:
60% interactive small group sessions, 30% didactic lecturing,
and 10% self-learning. The course was constructed to
enable interactive learning with opportunities for peer learning,
brainstorming, and small and large group discussions, as
well as problem-based learning. Group discussions and role
plays using cases were used to facilitate behavioral changes [6].
Implementation
- The FAME program was started in Riyadh, the capital and
the largest city in Saudi Arabia, and expanded to other areas
with a vision to reach GPs in all 13 regions of the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. During the course period, 54 trainers have trained
2,761 GPs in Saudi Arabia (Table 1).
Learner evaluation
- Analyzing the pre-test and post-test scores for the first 53
physicians who completed the program in 2009 showed significant
improvement in knowledge, with scores improving
from a mean of 49% (SD, 22%) for the pre-test results to a mean
of 89% (SD, 13.5%) for the post-test results on a paired t-test
(t=15.75, P<0.001).
- FAME program in Saudai Arabia facilitated primary care
physicians’ knowledge acquisition. The teachers of the program
attended focus group sessions in February 2012 to discuss
the progress and future of the program. They discussed
decentralizing the program; investing in trainers and other resources
such as support staff, librarians, system administrators,
textbooks, up-to-date journals and internet access; and
implementing new teaching techniques with the conventional
curriculum, such as practice-based small group learning and
online learning. Funding to modify the program according to
changing needs, offering the program for a small nominal fee,
and securing research funding to evaluate the program and to
analyze system changes were stressed as important considerations
for the sustainability of the program. CME has been
shown not only to improve physician knowledge but also to
result practice changes and patient outcomes [7]. Therefore,
we believe that the impact of the program on patient and population
health will be the more meaningful outcome, and are
in the process of evaluating these factors. Serious thought
should be given to the creation of continuing medical education
programs based on the health-care needs of the community
to improve access to primary health care. We are hoping
to measure the improvement of disease management and reduction
of chronic disease complications, initially, to formulate
measures of health and wellness for the community in the
coming years.
Article information
-
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
-
Supplementary material: Volunteer’s audio recording of the abstract.
Fig. 1Diagram of 7 modules of Family Medicine Education (FAME) course opened from 2009-2012 in Saudi Arabia.
Table 1.Mean scores according to the nature of the curriculum (integrated or non-integrated)
|
year |
No. of geographical regions covered |
No. of GPs participating in FAME |
No. of GPs completing all 7 modules (%) |
Estimated direct costs incurred by Ministry of Health in millions |
|
2009 |
3 |
221 |
157 (71) |
SAR 1.45 |
|
2010 |
6 |
497 |
440 (88) |
SAR 3.28 |
|
2011 |
6 |
986 |
924 (93.7) |
SAR 6.5 |
|
2012 |
6 |
1,200a)
|
Ongoing |
a)
|
References
- 1. Library of Congress - Federal Research Division. Country profile: Saudi Arabia; 2006 [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2013 Aug 21] Available from: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Saudi_Arabia.pdf
- 2. Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Statistic book for 1429 [Internet] Riyadh: Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; c2013 [cited 2013 Aug 23] Available from: http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspxf
- 3. Lefevre JH, Roupret M, Kerneis S, Karila L. Career choices of medical students: a national survey of 1780 students. Med Educ 2010;44:603-612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03707.x ArticlePubMed
- 4. Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Statistic book for 1427 [Internet] Riyadh: Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; c2013 [cited 2013 Aug 23] Available from: http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspxf
- 5. Global Health Observatory, World Health Organization. Saudi Arabia: country profiles [Internet]. Geneva: Wolrd Health Organization; 2013 [cited 2013 Aug 21] Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/countries/sau/country_profiles/en/index.html
- 6. O’Neil KM, Addrizzo-Harris DJ; American College of Chest Physicians Health and Science Policy Committee. Continuing medical education effect on physician knowledge application and psychomotor skills: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines. Chest 2009;135((3 Supple)):37S-41S. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1378/chest.08-2516 Article
- 7. Mazmanian PE, Davis DA, Galbraith R; American College of Chest Physicians Health and Science Policy Committee. Continuing medical education effect on clinical outcomes: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians’ Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines. Chest 2009;135((3 Supple)):49S-55S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.08-2518 Article
Appendix
Appendix 1.
Family Medicine Education (FAME) course with 7 modules each consisting of 12-14 hours of teaching to be delivered in 3 day blocks, over 45 days from 2009-2012 in Saudi Arabia
Module 1.Introduction to family medicine
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 1: The Definition of family medicine |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:00-10:45 |
Group work 1: How do we manage hypertension? (Guidelines) |
|
Diagnostic criteria-Non-pharmacologic therapy, pharmacotherapy, Follow up, Referral |
|
10:45-11:30 |
Group work 2: What are the competencies of a family physician? (Brainstorming) |
|
11:30-12:00 |
Presentation 2: Communication skills and patient interviewing |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: Communication skills (Case: Bronchial asthma) |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Home work: literature on periodic health examination to read |
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 2
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: Referral and consultation in PC |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: Case discussion (PBL) (Case: Diabetes) |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: The biopsychosocial model |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 5: Sore throat scenario |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 5: PHE |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Simulated case: PHE (Case: Hypertension) |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
Case Pratices |
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 3
|
|
08:15-10:00 |
Case practices 1 (Session 1-5) |
|
10:00-10:30 |
Break |
|
10:30-12:00 |
Case practices 2 (Session 6-9) |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-14:00 |
Case practices 3 (Session 10-12) |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test
|
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remarks |
Module 2.General concepts in family medicine
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 1: The clinical method in family medicine |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:00-10:45 |
Group work 1: Small group discussion - clinical method |
|
10:45-11:30 |
Group work 2: Group presentations |
|
11:30-12:00 |
Presentation 2: Patient management in family medicine |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: Role playing - patient management |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warming up 2
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: Ethics and shared decision making in family medicine |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: Panel - Ethics and shared decision making |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: Malpractice |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 5: Case discussions - malpractice |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 5: Undifferentiated problems in family medicine (missed diagnoses) |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Case discussions on undifferentiated problems |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warming up 3
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 6: Screening |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 7: Large group discussion - current screening recommendations |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 7: The personal drug list |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 8: p-drug list exercise |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 8: The Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR) |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 9: Orientation to the existing HMIS of KSA |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 3
|
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test
|
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remarks |
Module 3.Common problems in family medicine: chronic disorders
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 1: Current diagnosis and management of diabetes |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:00-10:45 |
Group work 1: Case scenarios - diabetes |
|
10:45-11:30 |
Group work 2: Case scenarios - diabetes |
|
11:30-12:00 |
Presentation 2: Asthma and COPD |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: Asthma |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: The diagnosis and management of hypertension |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: JNC7 |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: Individualized therapy of hypertension |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 5: Hypertension case discussions |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 5: Obesity |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Obesity group discussion |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 3
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 6: Nutrition, exercise, tobacco and their relation to disease |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 7: Exercise and nutrition counseling practice |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 7: The burden of tobacco and how to help smokers |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 8: Tobacco cessation counseling practice |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 8: Ischemic heart disease |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 9: Case discussions IHD |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test
|
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remarks |
Module 4.Common problems in family medicine: communicable diseases
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 1: Respiratory tract infections |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:00-10:45 |
Group work 1:Upper respiratory tract infections |
|
10:45-11:30 |
Group work 2: Lower respiratory tract infections |
|
11:30-12:00 |
Presentation 2: Otitis media |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: Rational antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infections and AOM |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 2
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: Communicable childhood infections |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: Communicable childhood infections (mumps, measles...) |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: Vaccination |
|
11:00-11:45 |
Presentation 5: Chest x-ray and lung function tests |
|
11:45-12:30 |
Break |
|
12:30-13:15 |
Group work 5: Chest x-ray interpretation |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Chest x-ray interpretation |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 3
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 6: Urinary tract infections |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 7: Infectious diseases of the skin |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 7: Parasitic infestations |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 8: Gastroenteritis: case discussions |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 8: Other common problems in primary care |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 9: Other common problems in primary care (according to the needs and priorities: enuresis nocturnal, renal colic, behavioral problems...) |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 3
|
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test
|
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remarks |
Module 5.Common problems in family medicine: neurologic, mental, and musculoskeletal problems
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-10:00 |
Group work 1: Neurological examination |
|
10:00-10:15 |
Break |
|
10:15-10:45 |
Presentation 1: Prevention and rehabilitation of Stroke |
|
10:45-11:15 |
Presentation 2: Headache |
|
11:15-12:00 |
Group work 2: Headache management: simulated cases |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: Selective: convulsions/neuropathies |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 2
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: Depression |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: Management of depression |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: Anxiety |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 5: Anxiety case discussion |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 5: Somatoform disorders |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Somatoform disorders |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 3
|
|
08:15-09:15 |
Group work 7: Musculoskeletal exam |
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 6: Low back pain |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:30 |
Group work 8: Case discussions low back pain |
|
11:30-12:00 |
Presentation 7: Approach to joint pain |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:30 |
Group work 9: Approach to joint pain |
|
13:30-14:00 |
Presentation 8: Osteoporosis |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 3
|
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test
|
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remarks |
Module 6.Common problems in family medicine: obstetrical and gynecological problems
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 1: Preconceptional care |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:00-10:45 |
Group work 1: Preconceptional counseling |
|
10:45-11:15 |
Presentation 2: Safe motherhood |
|
11:15-12:00 |
Group work 2: Safe motherhood |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: Literature review |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 2
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: Normal pregnancy and antenatal care |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: Normal pregnancy and antenatal care |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: Postnatal care |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 5: Postnatal care |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 5: Breastfeeding |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Breastfeeding |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 3
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 6: Abnormal uterine bleeding |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 7: Vaginal discharge |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 7: Dysmenorrhea |
|
11:00-11:30 |
Presentation 8: Family planning |
|
11:30-12:30 |
Break |
|
12:30-13:15 |
Group work 8: Family planning counseling |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 9: Dealing with the perimenopausal patient |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 3
|
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test |
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remarks |
Module 7.Professional development in family medicine
|
Day 1 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 1
|
|
08:15-08:30 |
Opening and Introduction |
|
08:30-08:40 |
Needs assessment
|
|
08:40-08:45 |
Program presentation
|
|
08:45-09:15 |
Pre-test
|
|
09:15-09:45 |
Presentation 1: Adult education principles |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:00-10:45 |
Group work 1: Small group work: How can we improve? |
|
10:45-11:30 |
Group work 2: Group presentations |
|
11:30-12:00 |
Presentation 2: Quality |
|
12:00-13:00 |
Break |
|
13:00-14:00 |
Group work 3: How can we improve the quality in primary care? |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 1
|
|
Day 2 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 2
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 3: Conference: ISO (Given by: Saudi Standards Organization) |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 4: Quality circles and peer review groups in family medicine |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 4: Team work |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 5: Presentation skills |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 5: Evidence Based Medicine |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 6: Motivation |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 2
|
|
Day 3 |
|
|
08:00-08:15 |
Warm up 3
|
|
08:15-08:45 |
Presentation 6: Practice management |
|
08:45-09:45 |
Group work 7: Human relationships |
|
09:45-10:00 |
Break |
|
10:30-11:00 |
Presentation 7: Critical reading of medical articles |
|
11:00-12:00 |
Group work 8:Journal club |
|
12:00-12:45 |
Break |
|
12:45-13:15 |
Presentation 8: Research in primary care |
|
13:15-14:00 |
Group work 9: Planning a research |
|
14:00-14:30 |
Summary of day 3
|
|
14:00-14:30 |
Post-test
|
|
14:30-15:00 |
Course evaluation and closing remark |
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Current Practices and Existing Gaps of Continuing Medical Education among Resident Physicians in Abha City, Saudi Arabia
Safar Abadi Alsaleem, Najwa Mohammed Almoalwi, Aesha Farheen Siddiqui, Mohammed Abadi Alsaleem, Awad S. Alsamghan, Nabil J. Awadalla, Ahmed A. Mahfouz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(22): 8483. CrossRef
KHPLEI
, Savithiri Ratnapalan2
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